Effect of Urban Form on Exercise and BMI in Black Women

城市形态对黑人女性运动和体重指数的影响

• 批准号: 7340133
• 负责人: Patricia F Coogan
• 金额: $ 29.16万
• 依托单位: BOSTON UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CAMPUS
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2006-06-01 至 2010-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7340133
• 关键词: Accounting; Address; Affect; African; African American; Behavior; Body mass index; Censuses; Characteristics; Chicago; Cities; Data; Disease regression; Educational Background; Environment; Epidemic; Epidemiologic Studies; Ethnic group; Exercise; Factor Analysis; Failure; Goals; High Prevalence; Hour; Individual; Intervention; Life; Link; Longitudinal Studies; Los Angeles; Mediating; Modeling; Moderate Exercise; Nature; Neighborhoods; New York City; Numbers; Obesity; Overweight; Participant; Physical activity; Policies; Population; Prospective Studies; Public Health; Range; Rate; Relative (related person); Research; Research Personnel; Role; Socioeconomic Status; Speed; Structure; Techniques; Transportation; United States; Walking; Weight; Weight maintenance regimen; Woman; Women' s Health; cohort; density; innovation; land use; programs; response; socioeconomics; stem; trafficking

It is increasingly recognized that sedentariness and obesity are not solely individual problems but are responses to an environment that makes it difficult to be active and maintain a healthy weight. We will use data from the Black Women's Health Study (BWHS), a large prospective study of African-American women, to address the hypothesis that the neighborhood "pedestrian environment" (urban form, comprising such factors as street layout and presence of sidewalks) influences levels of physical activity and body mass index (BMI), independent of individual level factors and neighborhood socioeconomic status (SES). The study will focus on three cities (New York, Los Angeles, and Chicago) chosen because each contains a range of neighborhood types, approximately 13,000 BWHS participants live there, and detailed data on urban form are available. An expert in transportation and urban planning will compile data about the pedestrian environment at the neighborhood scale for the 3 cities, including nature and density of land use, proximity to parks, presence of sidewalks, speed and volume of traffic, and street structure. These data will be linked to the geocoded residential addresses of BWHS participants. We will also link U.S. Census data on SES to the participants' addresses. We will use factor analysis to identify a set of variables describing the neighborhood pedestrian environment that contribute complementary but not redundant information. Using multi-level longitudinal regression techniques, we will assess the influence of the pedestrian environment on levels of utilitarian walking, walking for exercise, vigorous activity, sedentariness, moderate activity, BMI, and change in weight, controlling for personal factors and neighborhood SES. We will also assess if an effect of urban form on BMI is mediated through physical activity. The proposed study, the first examination of the influence of urban form on BMI and physical activity in African-American women, is an innovative merging of techniques from the fields of transportation research and epidemiology. BWHS participants in the study cities live in a range of neighborhoods, have a wide range of physical activity levels, and have a wide range of BMI levels, including appreciable numbers of women who are obese. In view of the high prevalence of obesity and physical inactivity in African-American women, elucidation of the role of urban form on physical activity and BMI in this group is of public health importance. Societal level change may be necessary to stem the obesity epidemic, given the failure of interventions at the individual level. To make the case for policy change at the societal level, compelling evidence about the impact of the environment on physical activity and obesity is needed. The proposed study has the potential to provide such evidence and to impact policy in the domains of both transportation/urban planning and public health.

人们越来越认识到久坐性和肥胖不是个人问题，而​​是 对环境的反应，使环境很难活跃并保持健康的体重。我们将使用 来自黑人妇女健康研究（BWHS）的数据，这是一项针对非裔美国妇女的大型前瞻性研究 解决邻里“行人环境”（城市形式）的假设（包括这样的城市形式） 作为街道布局和人行道的存在的因素）影响体育锻炼的水平和体重指数 （BMI），独立于个人层面因素和社区社会经济地位（SES）。研究将 专注于三个城市（纽约，洛杉矶和芝加哥），因为每个城市都包含一系列 邻里类型，大约13,000个BWH的参与者居住在那里，以及有关城市形式的详细数据 可用。运输和城市规划专家将编译有关行人的数据 3个城市的邻里规模的环境，包括土地利用的性质和密度，邻近 公园，人行道的存在，速度和交通量以及街道结构。这些数据将链接到 BWHS参与者的地理编码住宅地址。我们还将将有关SES的美国人口普查数据链接到 参与者的讲话。我们将使用因子分析来确定一组描述该变量的变量 邻里行人环境，贡献互补的信息，但没有多余的信息。 使用多层纵向回归技术，我们将评估行人的影响 在实用性步行，锻炼，剧烈活动，久坐不动，中等程度的环境中 活动，BMI和体重变化，控制个人因素和社区SES。我们也会 评估城市形式对BMI的影响是否是通过体育锻炼介导的。拟议的研究，第一个 检查城市形式对非裔美国妇女中BMI和体育活动的影响，是一个 运输研究和流行病学领域的技术的创新合并。 BWHS 研究城市的参与者居住在各个社区，有各种各样的身体 活动水平，并且具有广泛的BMI水平，包括大量的女性 肥胖。鉴于非洲裔美国妇女的肥胖症和身体不活跃的高流行， 阐明城市形式在体育活动中的作用和BMI在该小组中的重要性至关重要。 鉴于失败 在个人层面的干预措施。为了在社会一级改变政策改变的理由， 需要关于环境对体育锻炼和肥胖的影响的令人信服的证据。 拟议的研究有可能提供此类证据并影响政策 运输/城市规划和公共卫生。