Effect of Urban Form on Exercise and BMI in Black Women

城市形态对黑人女性运动和体重指数的影响

• 批准号: 7096923
• 负责人: Patricia F Coogan
• 金额: $ 27.47万
• 依托单位: BOSTON UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CAMPUS
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2006-06-01 至 2010-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7096923
• 关键词: African American; academic achievement; adult human (21+); age difference; behavioral /social science research tag; body composition; body physical activity; clinical research; exercise; female; geographic difference; human data; human ecology; longitudinal human study; obesity; questionnaires; statistics /biometry; urban area; women' s health

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): It is increasingly recognized that sedentariness and obesity are not solely individual problems but are responses to an environment that makes it difficult to be active and maintain a healthy weight. We will use data from the Black Women's Health Study (BWHS), a large prospective study of African-American women, to address the hypothesis that the neighborhood "pedestrian environment" (urban form, comprising such factors as street layout and presence of sidewalks) influences levels of physical activity and body mass index (BMI), independent of individual level factors and neighborhood socioeconomic status (SES). The study will focus on three cities (New York, Los Angeles, and Chicago) chosen because each contains a range of neighborhood types, approximately 13,000 BWHS participants live there, and detailed data on urban form are available. An expert in transportation and urban planning will compile data about the pedestrian environment at the neighborhood scale for the 3 cities, including nature and density of land use, proximity to parks, presence of sidewalks, speed and volume of traffic, and street structure. These data will be linked to the geocoded residential addresses of BWHS participants. We will also link U.S. Census data on SES to the participants' addresses. We will use factor analysis to identify a set of variables describing the neighborhood pedestrian environment that contribute complementary but not redundant information. Using multi-level longitudinal regression techniques, we will assess the influence of the pedestrian environment on levels of utilitarian walking, walking for exercise, vigorous activity, sedentariness, moderate activity, BMI, and change in weight, controlling for personal factors and neighborhood SES. We will also assess if an effect of urban form on BMI is mediated through physical activity. The proposed study, the first examination of the influence of urban form on BMI and physical activity in African-American women, is an innovative merging of techniques from the fields of transportation research and epidemiology. BWHS participants in the study cities live in a range of neighborhoods, have a wide range of physical activity levels, and have a wide range of BMI levels, including appreciable numbers of women who are obese. In view of the high prevalence of obesity and physical inactivity in African-American women, elucidation of the role of urban form on physical activity and BMI in this group is of public health importance. Societal level change may be necessary to stem the obesity epidemic, given the failure of interventions at the individual level. To make the case for policy change at the societal level, compelling evidence about the impact of the environment on physical activity and obesity is needed. The proposed study has the potential to provide such evidence and to impact policy in the domains of both transportation/urban planning and public health.

描述（由申请人提供）：越来越多地认识到久坐和肥胖不是个人问题，而​​是对环境的反应，使环境变得困难并保持健康的体重。我们将使用对非裔美国妇女的大型前瞻性研究黑人妇女健康研究（BWHS）的数据来解决以下假设：邻里“行人环境”（城市形式，包括街道布局和人行道上的存在）会影响体育活动和体重指数水平和身体质量指数（BMI），独立于个人水平的社会和社区的状态（SESECIEOCIEOCIECOICECIECIECIECIECIECIECIEC）。该研究将重点关注三个城市（纽约，洛杉矶和芝加哥），因为每种城市都包含一系列邻里类型，大约有13,000个BWH的参与者住在那里，并且提供了有关城市形式的详细数据。运输和城市规划方面的专家将在3个城市的邻里规模上编译有关行人环境的数据，包括土地使用的性质和密度，靠近公园，人行道的存在，速度和交通量和街道结构。这些数据将链接到BWHS参与者的地理编码住宅地址。我们还将将有关SES的美国人口普查数据与参与者的地址联系起来。我们将使用因子分析来确定一组描述邻居行人环境的变量，这些变量贡献了互补的信息，但没有冗余信息。 使用多级纵向回归技术，我们将评估行人环境对实用性步行水平，运动，剧烈活动，久坐，中度活动，BMI和体重变化，控制个人因素和社区SES的影响。我们还将评估城市形式对BMI的影响是否是通过体育锻炼介导的。拟议的研究是对城市形式对BMI和非裔美国妇女体育活动的影响的首次检查，是对运输研究和流行病学领域技术的创新合并。研究城市的BWHS参与者居住在各个社区，具有广泛的体育锻炼水平，并且具有广泛的BMI水平，包括大量肥胖的女性。鉴于非洲裔美国妇女的肥胖症和身体不活跃的高流行，阐明城市形式在体育锻炼中的作用和BMI在这一群体中的作用至关重要。鉴于个体层面的干预措施失败，社会层面的变化可能是阻止肥胖症流行的必要变化。为了在社会层面进行政策变化的理由，需要关于环境对体育活动和肥胖的影响的令人信服的证据。拟议的研究有可能提供此类证据并影响运输/城市规划和公共卫生领域的政策。