Modeling the Role of Priming in Executive Control

模拟启动在执行控制中的作用

• 批准号: 7439137
• 负责人: Gordon Dennis Logan
• 金额: $ 24.18万
• 依托单位: VANDERBILT UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2007-06-06 至 2010-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7439137
• 关键词: Accounting; Address; Algorithms; Area; Attention; Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; Basic Science; Behavior; Behavioral; Cognitive; Cognitive Science; Condition; Cues; Development; Dimensions; Disease; Goals; ITAM; Individual Differences; Language; Literature; Longevity; Measures; Memory; Mental Health; Mental disorders; Methods; Modeling; Monitor; Motor; Performance; Peripheral; Probability; Process; Reaction Time; Research; Resolution; Rest; Role; Schizophrenia; Speed; Staging; System; Testing; Time; Visual attention; behavior measurement; cognitive neuroscience; design; executive function; experience; memory retrieval; mind control; programs; research study; role model; theories

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The proposed research addresses issues in executive control of cognitive processing that are central in basic research in cognitive science, cognitive neuroscience, lifespan development, and individual differences. These issues have direct implications for mental health. Deficits in executive control have been identified in several disorders, including schizophrenia and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. The main goal of the research is to develop behavioral methods for distinguishing between top-down effects that truly reflect executive control and bottom-up effects that mimic it. This issue is important in designing and interpreting measures of executive control in other areas of research, especially research on deficits in mental disorders. The goal of distinguishing top-down from bottom-up effects will be accomplished by developing and evaluating a priming model that attempts to account for behavior in task-switching experiments purely in terms of bottom-up processes. The footprints of executive control may be seen in the situations in which the priming model fails to provide a complete account. According to the priming model, top-down control may be required for peripheral processes but not for central processes. Perceptual and motor processes and orienting of attention may require executive processing, but memory retrieval does not. This hypothesis leads to two specific aims: (1) To develop the priming model and test its fundamental assumptions in experiments that require switching between central tasks that can be performed by memory retrieval. (2) To push the limits of the priming model by testing it in experiments that require switching perceptual and motor systems and changing the orientation of attention. The first aim will establish the validity of the model, the second will establish its limits and set the stage for a general model of executive control.

描述（由申请人提供）：拟议的研究解决了认知处理的执行控制问题，这些问题是认知科学，认知神经科学，寿命发展和个体差异的基础研究中核心。这些问题对心理健康有直接影响。在几种疾病中已经发现了执行控制的缺陷，包括精神分裂症和注意力缺陷多动障碍。该研究的主要目的是开发行为方法，以区分自上而下的效果，这些效应真正反映了执行控制和模仿它的自下而上的效果。这个问题对于设计和解释其他研究领域的执行控制措施至关重要，尤其是对精神障碍缺陷的研究。通过开发和评估启动模型来实现和评估启动模型，该模型试图在任务切换实验中纯粹是根据自下而上的过程来说明行为的，从而实现了自上而下的效果。在启动模型未能提供完整帐户的情况下，可以看到执行控制的足迹。根据启动模型，外围过程可能需要自上而下的控制，而对于中央过程则不需要。感知和运动过程以及注意力的定位可能需要执行处理，但记忆检索不需要。该假设导致了两个具体的目标：（1）开发启动模型并测试其基本假设，这些假设需要在需要通过内存检索执行的中心任务之间切换的实验中。 （2）通过在需要切换感知和运动系统并改变注意力方向的实验中测试启动模型的极限。第一个目标将确定模型的有效性，第二个目标将建立其限制，并为执行控制的一般模型奠定基础。