A New Animal Model for Developing a Somatosensory Neural Interface

用于开发体感神经接口的新动物模型

• 批准号: 7253810
• 负责人: Douglas J Weber
• 金额: $ 18.67万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2007-03-15 至 2009-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7253810
• 关键词: Acoustic Nerve; Acoustic Stimulation; Acute; Address; Afferent Neurons; Amputees; Animal Model; Animals; Area; Artificial limb procedure; Behavior; Biological Models; Brain; Brain region; Cervical; Characteristics; Chronic; Class; Cochlear Implants; Code; Communication; Complex; Computers; Condition; Conscious; Cutaneous; Data; Data Analyses; Development; Devices; Discriminant Analysis; Effectiveness; Electric Stimulation; Electrodes; Elements; Esthesia; Experimental Designs; Feedback; Felis catus; Fiber; Fire - disasters; Forelimb; Fostering; Goals; Golgi Tendon Organs; Grouping; Hearing; Homeostasis; Human; Human body; Impairment; Implant; Injury; Investigation; Joints; Learning; Leg; Limb Prosthesis; Limb structure; Link; Location; Measures; Mechanoreceptors; Mediating; Methods; Microelectrodes; Modeling; Monitor; Motor; Motor Neurons; Movement; Muscle; Muscle Spindles; Nature; Nervous system structure; Neurons; Non-linear Models; Numbers; Operative Surgical Procedures; Paralysed; Pathway interactions; Patients; Pattern; Peripheral; Persons; Physiologic pulse; Positioning Attribute; Posture; Principal Investigator; Process; Proprioception; Prosthesis; Pulse taking; Rate; Research; Risk; Robotics; Role; Route; Safety; Sensory; Sensory Process; Series; Signal Transduction; Solutions; Spinal Ganglia; Spinal cord injury; Standards of Weights and Measures; System; Tactile; Techniques; Technology; Testing; Time; Touch sensation; Training; United States Food and Drug Administration; United States National Institutes of Health; Upper arm; Visual; Walking; Work; base; brain machine interface; deafness; design; kinematics; limb movement; mathematical model; neuroprosthesis; novel; physical state; programs; receptor; relating to nervous system; research study; response; sensor; sensory cortex; sensory feedback; sensory neuropathy; somatosensory; success; vector

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The NIH neuroprosthesis program has fostered so much success in the area of cortically controlled neuroprostheses that the FDA has approved multiple human trials to test the safety and efficacy of cortical implants for brain machine interfaces (BMI). An important application of BMI technologies is the direct cortical control of prosthetic limbs. However, a critical gap in this effort is the lack of somatosensory feedback which is needed to support proprioception and tactile sensations for the artificial limb. We propose that multichannel microstimulation of primary afferent neurons in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) would provide a viable and preferred route for restoring natural sensation of limb posture, movement, force, and tactile sensation. This approach is similar, in principle, to that of the cochlear implant, which uses multichannel electrical stimulation of auditory nerves to restore hearing to people with profound deafness. The primary objective of the proposed research is to create a new animal (cat) model for developing a neural interface with somatosensory afferent neurons in the cervical DRG. Our approach builds on our previous success with obtaining acute and chronic single unit recordings from large numbers of primary afferents in the lumbar DRG of cats (Stein et al. 2004; Weber et al. 2006). The proposed model will serve two important goals: 1) the development of a somatosensory neural interface for the neuroprosthetic applications described above and 2) basic investigations into the sensory feedback control of arm movement. It is useful to pursue these goals in parallel, because a comprehensive understanding of the role and nature of sensory feedback related to limb-state will guide the design and implementation of neuroprostheses that interface directly with the nervous system for feedback and control. The goal of this proposal is to develop a technique for providing proprioceptive sensations to users of prosthetic limbs using multichannel electrical microstimulation of primary afferent neurons in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG). This approach is similar, in principle, to that of the cochlear implant which uses patterned electrical stimulation of auditory nerves to restore hearing to people with profound deafness. These experiments will quantify the extent to which artificial electrical stimulation of peripheral afferents can drive natural patterns of neuronal activity in somatosensory regions of the brain.

描述（由申请人提供）：NIH 神经假体计划在皮质控制神经假体领域取得了巨大成功，FDA 已批准多项人体试验来测试脑机接口 (BMI) 皮质植入物的安全性和有效性。 BMI技术的一个重要应用是对假肢的直接皮质控制。然而，这项工作的一个关键差距是缺乏支持假肢本体感觉和触觉所需的体感反馈。我们认为，背根神经节（DRG）初级传入神经元的多通道微刺激将为恢复肢体姿势、运动、力量和触觉的自然感觉提供可行且优选的途径。这种方法原则上与人工耳蜗相似，后者利用听觉神经的多通道电刺激来恢复重度耳聋患者的听力。该研究的主要目标是创建一种新的动物（猫）模型，用于开发与颈部 DRG 中体感传入神经元的神经接口。我们的方法建立在我们之前从猫腰椎 DRG 的大量初级传入中获得急性和慢性单单位记录的成功基础上（Stein 等人，2004 年；Weber 等人，2006 年）。所提出的模型将服务于两个重要目标：1）为上述神经假体应用开发体感神经接口；2）对手臂运动的感觉反馈控制进行基础研究。并行追求这些目标是有用的，因为对与肢体状态相关的感觉反馈的作用和性质的全面理解将指导直接与神经系统连接以进行反馈和控制的神经假体的设计和实施。该提案的目标是开发一种技术，通过对背根神经节（DRG）的初级传入神经元进行多通道电微刺激，为假肢使用者提供本体感觉。这种方法原则上与人工耳蜗相似，人工耳蜗使用听觉神经的模式电刺激来恢复重度耳聋患者的听力。这些实验将量化外周传入的人工电刺激可以驱动大脑体感区域神经元活动的自然模式的程度。