Producing more with less adapting high-yielding barley varieties to low-input agriculture

让高产大麦品种适应低投入农业，少花钱多产

• 批准号: 2869836
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of Dundee
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2023 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2869836
• 关键词: Producing; more; less; adapting; yielding

Agriculture is under enormous pressure to increase crop yield and quality for food, feed and other products, while reducing its' carbon footprint. The James Hutton Institute and University of Dundee offer a 4-year fully funded PhD studentship to determine barley traits adapted to sustainable crop production. This research project will be conducted in partnership with Diageo and will offer the opportunity to undertake an extra industrially relevant qualification, alongside valuable industrial experience during a hosted placement within a Technical Division of Diageo. Barley is a critical crop for the brewing and distilling industry where Diageo is a leading player in the food & drinks sector. Barley is also an important component of animal feed. While high-yielding varieties selected to maximise their responses to non-renewable inputs, intense soil management and monoculture have guaranteed profitable yields over the past 60 years, it is now clear that their environmental impact will be unsustainable in 21st century agriculture. Conceptually novel varieties, tailored to the so called low-carbon agronomy are therefore needed to ensure global food security. Chief in achieving this ambitious objective will be identifying genetically determined traits, underpinning barley's adaptation to the soil environment. We hypothesis that root traits (e.g. architecture, hairs & exudates) are associated with adaptation to low carbon systems (e.g.no-tillage) and plants' responses are integrally linked in a feedback loop to soil characteristics (e.g. microbiota) and soil resources (e.g. nitrogen, soil carbon) Research will start with literature reviews (incl. meta-analysis), to extract barley genotypes and germplasm with differential responses to tillage in different soils, potential root traits of interest, soil impacts (inc. soil history, environment/climate etc.), and methodologies for rapid screens (Obj1). Rapid variety screens will calibrate traits against key soil physical and health traits (e.g. structure, sand/loam composition, nutrient levels) using traditional and imaging technologies (Obj2). These will be followed by plot field trials under differential tillage conditions (Obj3). While, this project will focus on plant traits, soil health characteristics and soil structure will be investigated (e.g. via the Soil Health Card system, water, soil strength & structure, C & N ). Genetic indicators of traits and effects on soil microbiome will be achieved through comparative genomics, metagenomic and transcriptomics profiles of adapted lines and rhizosphere where appropriate (Obj4). The outcome will be identification of barley traits associated with soil tillage adaptation and their impact on productivity and soil health under low carbon production agronomy which will be valuable for barley breeding and agronomic advice.

农业面临着提高粮食、饲料和其他产品作物产量和质量，同时减少碳足迹的巨大压力。詹姆斯·赫顿研究所和邓迪大学提供为期 4 年的全额资助博士生奖学金，以确定适合可持续作物生产的大麦性状。该研究项目将与帝亚吉欧 (Diageo) 合作进行，并将提供在帝亚吉欧 (Diageo) 技术部门托管实习期间获得额外的行业相关资格以及宝贵的行业经验的机会。大麦是酿造和蒸馏行业的重要作物，帝亚吉欧是食品和饮料行业的领先企业。大麦也是动物饲料的重要组成部分。虽然为了最大限度地应对不可再生投入而选择的高产品种、严格的土壤管理和单一栽培保证了过去 60 年的盈利产量，但现在很明显，它们对环境的影响在 21 世纪的农业中将是不可持续的。因此，需要针对所谓的低碳农学量身定制的概念新颖的品种，以确保全球粮食安全。实现这一雄心勃勃的目标的首要任务是确定基因决定的性状，支持大麦对土壤环境的适应。我们假设根部特征（例如结构、毛发和分泌物）与对低碳系统（例如免耕）的适应有关，并且植物的反应在反馈回路中与土壤特征（例如微生物群）和土壤资源（例如土壤资源）紧密相关。氮、土壤碳）研究将从文献综述（包括荟萃分析）开始，提取大麦基因型和种质，对不同土壤中的耕作有不同的反应，潜在的根性状感兴趣的内容、土壤影响（包括土壤历史、环境/气候等）以及快速筛选方法（Obj1）。快速品种筛选将使用传统和成像技术（Obj2）根据关键土壤物理和健康特征（例如结构、沙/壤土成分、养分水平）校准特征。随后将进行差别耕作条件下的田间试验（Obj3）。同时，该项目将重点调查植物性状、土壤健康特征和土壤结构（例如通过土壤健康卡系统、水、土壤强度和结构、C＆N）。性状及其对土壤微生物组影响的遗传指标将通过适应品系和根际的比较基因组学、宏基因组学和转录组学概况来实现（Obj4）。结果将是确定与土壤耕作适应相关的大麦性状及其对低碳生产农学下生产力和土壤健康的影响，这对于大麦育种和农艺建议很有价值。