HOW IS FOREIGN AID ADDRESSING EDUCATION AND SEXUAL EXPLOITATION, ABUSE AND HARASSMENT (SEAH) AGAINST WOMEN AND GIRLS IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA IN THIS PAN

在此背景下，外国援助如何解决撒哈拉以南非洲地区妇女和女童的教育以及性剥削、性虐待和骚扰 (SEAH) 问题

• 批准号: 2774529
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of Portsmouth
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2023 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2774529
• 关键词: HOW; FOREIGN; AID; ADDRESSING; EDUCATION

HOW IS FOREIGN AID ADDRESSING EDUCATION AND SEXUAL EXPLOITATION, ABUSE AND HARASSMENT (SEAH) AGAINST WOMEN AND GIRLS IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA IN THIS PANDEMIC ERA? New Evidence from NigeriaRESEARCH QUESTIONS1. To what extent is foreign aid helping to combat SEAH against women and girls in Nigeria in the Covid-19 pandemic era? And are there differences in the impact of foreign aid on SEAH Against Women and Girls before and during the pandemic?2. In what ways are cultural practices promoting/tolerating sexual abuse, leading to the disempowerment of women in Nigeria in the Covid-19 Pandemic era?3. Does access to education reduce the likelihood of girls getting sexually abused in Nigeria? And Is the empowerment of women counterproductive in the fight against SEAH in Nigeria?4. What are the local solutions for dealing with the problem of sexual abuse in Nigeria?BACKGROUND AND RATIONALE FOR THE STUDYReports of violence and sexual abuse against women and girls around the world during the Covid-19 pandemic has been on the rise since the outbreak in 2020. According to UNWomen (2020), one in three women worldwide experience physical or sexual violence mostly by an intimate partner, and this has worsened due to the pandemic. Many reports including United Nations (2021), OECD (2021), and UNwomen (2020) maintain that almost half of all women reported that they or a woman they know began to experience gender-based violence during the pandemic across 13 countries. Thus, these reports have shown that all types of violence and sexual abuse against women and girls have intensified since the outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic. It is so bad that the act has now been tagged as the shadow pandemic or the neglected pandemic UNWomen (2020).Authors such as Yenilmez (2020), and reports from UN|Sexual Violence in Conflict, (2020) UNFPA, (2020), and UNWomen (2020) maintain that restrictions being placed to curtail the rise of Covid-19 is aiding the rise of all types of gender-based violence, and these further mounts more pressure on medical facilities. This begs the question of how the Covid-19 pandemic is changing the effectiveness of strategies deployed to end SEAH which presents an opportunity to reassess the effectiveness of the bilateral official development assistance which began in 2016, towards ending SEAH Against Women and Girls captured under the ODA reporting sector purpose code 15180. However, the extent to which this financial assistance has helped to reduce SEAH has not been explored in literature, especially in this Covid-19 era. Although the role of ODA in Sub-Saharan Africa has been a controversial topic, the recipients have continued to admonish it as a viable source of funds to solve problems that they would not have had the required resources to combat. Nonetheless, continued reliance on ODA especially in the fight against SEAH may not be the best as there is no guarantee of continuous flow thus, there is a need for local solutions as well, which is also a part of the objectives to be addressed in this proposalDespite there being a plethora of literature on sexual abuse against women and girls around the world, only a few research papers have addressed how the Covid-19 pandemic is affecting the fight against it. Many papers done are literature-based due to the difficulty of obtaining data during the lockdown, coupled with the fact that there is no current data on demographic and health surveys. Thus, this present research may be the first research to attempt to expand this topic further by incorporating the effectiveness of ODA towards ending SEAH in Sub-Saharan Africa

在这个大流行时期，外国援助如何解决撒哈拉以南非洲地区妇女和女童的教育以及性剥削、性虐待和骚扰 (SEAH) 问题？来自尼日利亚的新证据研究问题1。在 Covid-19 大流行期间，外国援助在多大程度上有助于对抗针对尼日利亚妇女和女童的 SEAH？疫情爆发前和疫情期间，外援对针对妇女和女童的SEAH的影响是否存在差异？2.在 Covid-19 大流行期间，文化习俗以何种方式促进/容忍性虐待，导致尼日利亚妇女被剥夺权力？3。接受教育是否会降低尼日利亚女孩遭受性虐待的可能性？在尼日利亚打击 SEAH 的斗争中，赋予妇女权力是否会适得其反？4。尼日利亚处理性虐待问题的当地解决方案是什么？ 研究背景和理由 自 2020 年爆发以来，Covid-19 大流行期间世界各地针对妇女和女童的暴力和性虐待的报告一直在增加根据联合国妇女署（2020 年）的数据，全球三分之一的女性遭受过亲密伴侣的身体暴力或性暴力，而且这种情况因疫情而恶化。包括联合国（2021）、经合组织（2021）和联合国妇女署（2020）在内的许多报告都认为，在 13 个国家中，近一半的女性表示，她们或她们认识的女性在新冠病毒大流行期间开始遭受性别暴力。因此，这些报告表明，自 Covid-19 大流行爆发以来，针对妇女和女童的各种类型的暴力和性虐待都有所加剧。糟糕的是，该行为现在已被标记为影子流行病或被忽视的流行病联合国妇女署（2020）。Yenilmez（2020）等作者，以及来自联合国|冲突中性暴力的报告，（2020）联合国人口基金，（2020） ，联合国妇女署 (2020) 认为，为遏制 Covid-19 的增长而实施的限制措施正在帮助所有类型的病毒的增长基于性别的暴力，这些进一步给医疗设施带来了更大的压力。这就引出了一个问题，即 Covid-19 大流行如何改变为结束 SEAH 所部署的战略的有效性，这提供了一个重新评估 2016 年开始的双边官方发展援助的有效性的机会，以结束根据ODA 报告部门目的代码 15180。然而，文献中尚未探讨这种财政援助在多大程度上有助于减少 SEAH，特别是在 Covid-19 时代。尽管官方发展援助在撒哈拉以南非洲的作用一直是一个有争议的话题，但受援国继续警告说，官方发展援助是解决他们没有所需资源来解决的问题的可行资金来源。尽管如此，继续依赖官方发展援助，特别是在对抗SEAH方面可能不是最好的，因为无法保证持续的流动，因此也需要当地的解决方案，这也是本报告要解决的目标的一部分尽管世界各地有大量关于针对妇女和女孩的性虐待的文献，但只有少数研究论文探讨了 Covid-19 大流行如何影响其抗击斗争。由于在封锁期间很难获取数据，而且目前没有人口和健康调查的数据，因此许多论文都是基于文献的。因此，本研究可能是第一个尝试通过纳入官方发展援助的有效性来进一步扩展该主题的研究，以结束撒哈拉以南非洲的SEAH