"Foreign Aid to the Ghettos": The United States and the Global Threat of 'Underdevelopment,' 1945-1970.

“对贫民窟的外国援助”：美国和“不发达”的全球威胁，1945-1970 年。

• 批准号: 2280793
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of Cambridge
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2019 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2280793
• 关键词: Foreign; Aid; Ghettos; United; States

For my research project I would like to focus on the transnational context of US developmental efforts at home during thepostwar period, focusing in particular on the 1960s. Contrary to the triumphalist assertions of some post-warmodernisation theorists, for most of its history the perceived problem of 'underdevelopment' has not been restricted tothe world outside the United States. After WW2, techniques honed to deal with this problem on Indian reservations andJapanese internment camps were applied in the global South by philanthropic foundations such as Ford and Rockefeller,before circulating back to the United States as policymakers and commentators increasingly fixed their gaze on 'racialtinderbox' of America's segregated cities. The unrest in America's cities during the 1960s was considered by many to bea national security threat on parr with that posed by the deepening war in Indochina. It was also perceived to be aproblem which shared common roots. Both the pockets of so-called 'underdevelopment' in America's cities, as well asthe lack of 'development' in South Vietnam, were understood to threaten US national security in similar ways and forsimilar reasons. I want to explore how this globalising of the threat of underdevelopment was accomplished by thecirculation of individuals between the United States and the global South, and what impact this had on the way thatpolicymakers and foundation officials responded to the 'Great Uprising' in US cities.

对于我的研究项目，我想重点关注战后时期美国国内发展努力的跨国背景，特别是 20 世纪 60 年代。与一些后战争现代化理论家的必胜主义主张相反，在历史的大部分时间里，“不发达”问题并不局限于美国以外的世界。二战后，福特和洛克菲勒等慈善基金会在南半球国家应用了解决印度保留地和日本拘留营这一问题的技术，然后随着政策制定者和评论员越来越多地把注意力集中在“种族问题”上，这些技术又传回美国美国的隔离城市。许多人认为 20 世纪 60 年代美国城市的骚乱对国家安全构成威胁，与印度支那日益加深的战争所构成的威胁不相上下。这也被认为是一个有着共同根源的问题。人们认为，美国城市中所谓的“欠发达”地区以及南越缺乏“发展”都以类似的方式和出于类似的原因威胁着美国的国家安全。我想探讨这种不发达威胁的全球化是如何通过美国和南方国家之间的人员流动来实现的，以及这对政策制定者和基金会官员应对美国城市“大起义”的方式产生了何种影响。