Digital Rights Management and Regime-Shifting: The Implications of Backdoor Propertization of Creative Works in Digital Copyright Law for Digital Dist

数字版权管理和制度转变：数字版权法中创意作品后门财产化对数字版权的影响

• 批准号: 2763363
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of Stirling
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2022 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2763363
• 关键词: Digital; Rights; Management; Regime; Shifting

From online shopping to cross-border accessing and disseminating digitised in copyright materials for entertainment and educational purposes, the continuous development of the internet has shaped the way in which its users manage their daily lives and businesses; consequently creating a progressively transnational digital society. Thus, it is no new feat that the internet's simpler and inexpensive modes of information dissemination, and access to knowledge (A2K), has brought to the fore economic concerns for copyright right-holders at the prospect of losing control over their digitised content.As a consequence, it is also no new phenomenon that content right-holders have sought strengthened intellectual property rights (IPRs) from various angles including, lobbying policymakers and use of technical protection measure (TPM) enabled digital rights management (DRM) systems as an additional layer of control over their digitised content. The use of TPMs is, in part, a consequence of traditional copyright law's difficulty in keeping pace with technological advancements; which has arguably contributed to the contours of copyright law's paradigm (the 'paradigm') becoming blurred. One area in which TPMs as a mode of regulation blurs the paradigm's contours pertains to A2K of digitised in-copyright works for digital distance learning (DDL) purposes. As evidence suggests TPMs have been utilised, as an additional later of in copyright content protection, by copyright right-holders to control A2K beyond the scope of governance prescribed anti-circumvention laws that regulate TPMs.As such, this research explores Directive 2001/29/EC's7 (Infosoc) Art.6 anticircumvention measures and aims to establish that Art.6(4)'s ambiguous wording, when interpreted and implemented into EU member state domestic laws, functions as a backdoor to increased IPRs for copyright right-holders; by creating an avenue for right-holders to 'regime-shift.' In view of this, the analysis considers the implications of backdoor propertization of creative works for end-users accessing and utilising knowledge for DDL purposes under Infosoc's Art.5(3)(a) teaching exception. This approach is undertaken due to existing contention surrounding the extent to which educators, as end-users, have the ability to digitally disseminate in-copyright content for educational purposes.Due to this contention and the myriad of implementation of Art.6 Infosoc into national laws, this research narrows its line of enquiry by predominantly analysing Art.6(4)'s implementation into the UK's Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988's s.32 (Illustration for instruction) and the topical s.29A Text and Data-Mining (TDM) exception. This approach aims to strengthen its position that backdoor IPRs place burdens upon end-users' ability to access knowledge for educational purposes. Due to this burden, this project argues that digital copyright law requires reform to support economic and societal development by extending the scope of Art.5 Infosoc's exceptions and limitations (E&Ls). As literature consulted suggests that the current E&Ls afford limited protection to end-users' ability to exercise their fundamental Art.5(3)(a) right to disseminate and access digitised in-copyright materials outwith traditional education institutional setting for DDL purposes.This argument for reform will be explored with attention paid to the requirement of supplementary measures to safeguard the paradigm's protection of the interests of creators and copyright right-holders.

从在线购物到出于娱乐和教育目的跨境访问和传播数字化版权材料，互联网的不断发展塑造了用户管理日常生活和业务的方式；从而创建一个逐渐跨国的数字社会。因此，互联网更简单且廉价的信息传播和获取知识（A2K）模式已不是什么新鲜事，它引起了版权所有者对失去对其数字化内容的控制的经济担忧。因此，内容权利人从各个角度寻求加强知识产权（IPR），包括游说政策制定者和使用技术保护措施（TPM）支持的数字版权管理（DRM）系统作为附加手段，这也不是什么新现象。层的控制他们的数字化内容。 TPM 的使用部分是由于传统版权法难以跟上技术进步的步伐；这可以说导致版权法范式（“范式”）的轮廓变得模糊。 TPM 作为一种监管模式模糊了范例轮廓的一个领域涉及用于数字远程学习 (DDL) 目的的数字化版权内作品的 A2K。有证据表明，作为版权内容保护的另一项内容，版权权利人已利用 TPM 来控制 A2K，超出了规范 TPM 的反规避法律规定的治理范围。因此，本研究探讨了第 2001/29 号指令/EC's7 (Infosoc) 第 6 条反规避措施，旨在确定第 6(4) 条含糊的措辞在欧盟成员国国内法中解释和实施时发挥作用作为版权权利人增加知识产权的后门；为权利持有人“政权转移”创造途径。有鉴于此，分析考虑了创意作品的后门财产化对最终用户根据 Infosoc 第 5(3)(a) 条教学例外访问和利用知识用于 DDL 目的的影响。之所以采取这种方法，是因为围绕教育工作者作为最终用户在多大程度上有能力以数字方式传播用于教育目的的版权内容存在争议。由于这一争议以及 Infosoc 第 6 条在国家层面的大量实施法律，本研究通过主要分析第 6(4) 条在英国《1988 年版权、设计和专利法》第 32 条中的实施情况来缩小调查范围（插图指令）和主题 s.29A 文本和数据挖掘（TDM）例外。这种做法旨在强化其立场，即后门知识产权给最终用户获取用于教育目的的知识的能力带来负担。由于这一负担，该项目认为数字版权法需要进行改革，通过扩大 Infosoc 第 5 条例外与限制 (E&L) 的范围来支持经济和社会发展。查阅文献表明，当前的 E&L 对最终用户行使其基本第 5(3)(a) 条权利的能力提供有限的保护，以在传统教育机构环境之外传播和获取数字化版权内材料。探讨改革论点，重点关注需要采取补充措施，维护范式对创作者和著作权人利益的保护。