Cognitive control deficits in alcoholism risk

酗酒风险中的认知控制缺陷

• 批准号: 7094758
• 负责人: John J. Curtin
• 金额: $ 29.77万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2006-04-10 至 2011-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7094758
• 关键词: alcoholism /alcohol abuse; attention; behavioral /social science research tag; case history; clinical research; cognition; disease /disorder proneness /risk; electrophysiology; emotions; executive function; family genetics; human subject; psychopathology; substance abuse related behavior

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Acute alcohol intoxication frequently results in various forms of dysregulated responding including aggression, sexual and other risk taking, alterations in emotional response, and even apparent temporary loss of control over alcohol use itself. Many examples in which alcohol intoxication results in these dysregulated responses are characterized by conflict between strong, but inappropriate, response tendencies and incompatible alternative responses that are more adaptive yet weaker. Similarly, alcohol dependent users frequently experience conflict or ambivalence surrounding their alcohol use and preliminary evidence suggests that they may be impaired in the attention functions that are necessary to adaptively resolve conflict surrounding their alcohol use. In fact, many theorists have speculated that the same attention mechanisms that account for the acute effects of alcohol challenge may also be chronically impaired in individuals with substance use and other externalizing disorders. Moreover, impaired attention may represent a premorbid etiological risk mechanism which accounts for the increased risk for alcohol use disorders among individuals with a family history of alcoholism. The aim of this research is to confirm and clarify the nature of alcohol challenge and alcoholism family history effects on attention function and to examine the consequences of potential impairment for the regulation of behavior and emotion responding. Recent theory and basic cognitive neuroscience research has significantly advanced and refined , understanding about the attention processes and underlying neurobiological structures that are necessary for the adaptive regulation of behavior and emotional response during conflict. This basic research has identified discrete functions of the attention system including maintenance of an alert state, sensory orienting, and executive control function responsible for the control of cognitive operations. In particular, executive control attention (and sub-components; evaluative and regulative control) are crucial to overcome contextually maladaptive, strong and/or habitual responding. This theory and research provides the foundation for the proposed research on attention function in intoxicated and family history positive individuals. The five proposed experiments will use electro-physiological measures (e.g., event related brain potentials) and well-validated cognitive paradigms designed to systematically index discrete components of attention function. This will allow mediation tests to determine if predicted alcohol challenge and family history of alcoholism effects on behavior and emotion regulation are the result of impaired attention function.

描述（由申请人提供）：急性酒精中毒经常导致各种形式的失调反应，包括攻击性、性行为和其他冒险行为、情绪反应改变，甚至明显暂时失去对饮酒本身的控制。酒精中毒导致这些失调反应的许多例子的特点是强烈但不适当的反应倾向与适应性更强但较弱的不相容的替代反应之间的冲突。同样，酒精依赖者经常会因饮酒而经历冲突或矛盾心理，初步证据表明，他们的注意力功能可能受到损害，而注意力功能是适应性解决与饮酒有关的冲突所必需的。事实上，许多理论家推测，在患有药物滥用和其他外在障碍的个体中，导致酒精挑战急性影响的相同注意力机制也可能受到长期损害。此外，注意力受损可能是一种病前病因风险机制，它是有酗酒家族史的个体酒精使用障碍风险增加的原因。本研究的目的是确认和澄清酒精挑战和酗酒家族史对注意力功能影响的本质，并检查行为和情绪反应调节的潜在损害的后果。最近的理论和基础认知神经科学研究显着推进和完善了对冲突期间行为和情绪反应的适应性调节所必需的注意力过程和潜在神经生物学结构的理解。这项基础研究已经确定了注意力系统的离散功能，包括维持警觉状态、感觉定向和负责控制认知操作的执行控制功能。特别是，执行控制注意力（及其子组成部分；评估性和调节性控制）对于克服情境适应不良、强烈和/或习惯性反应至关重要。该理论和研究为醉酒和家族史阳性个体的注意力功能研究奠定了基础。拟议的五个实验将使用电生理测量（例如，事件相关的大脑电位）和经过充分验证的认知范式，旨在系统地索引注意力功能的离散组成部分。这将使中介测试能够确定预测的酒精挑战和酗酒家族史对行为和情绪调节的影响是否是注意力功能受损的结果。