Cognitive control deficits in alcoholism risk

酗酒风险中的认知控制缺陷

• 批准号: 7094758
• 负责人: John J. Curtin
• 金额: $ 29.77万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2006-04-10 至 2011-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7094758
• 关键词: alcoholism /alcohol abuse; attention; behavioral /social science research tag; case history; clinical research; cognition; disease /disorder proneness /risk; electrophysiology; emotions; executive function; family genetics; human subject; psychopathology; substance abuse related behavior

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Acute alcohol intoxication frequently results in various forms of dysregulated responding including aggression, sexual and other risk taking, alterations in emotional response, and even apparent temporary loss of control over alcohol use itself. Many examples in which alcohol intoxication results in these dysregulated responses are characterized by conflict between strong, but inappropriate, response tendencies and incompatible alternative responses that are more adaptive yet weaker. Similarly, alcohol dependent users frequently experience conflict or ambivalence surrounding their alcohol use and preliminary evidence suggests that they may be impaired in the attention functions that are necessary to adaptively resolve conflict surrounding their alcohol use. In fact, many theorists have speculated that the same attention mechanisms that account for the acute effects of alcohol challenge may also be chronically impaired in individuals with substance use and other externalizing disorders. Moreover, impaired attention may represent a premorbid etiological risk mechanism which accounts for the increased risk for alcohol use disorders among individuals with a family history of alcoholism. The aim of this research is to confirm and clarify the nature of alcohol challenge and alcoholism family history effects on attention function and to examine the consequences of potential impairment for the regulation of behavior and emotion responding. Recent theory and basic cognitive neuroscience research has significantly advanced and refined , understanding about the attention processes and underlying neurobiological structures that are necessary for the adaptive regulation of behavior and emotional response during conflict. This basic research has identified discrete functions of the attention system including maintenance of an alert state, sensory orienting, and executive control function responsible for the control of cognitive operations. In particular, executive control attention (and sub-components; evaluative and regulative control) are crucial to overcome contextually maladaptive, strong and/or habitual responding. This theory and research provides the foundation for the proposed research on attention function in intoxicated and family history positive individuals. The five proposed experiments will use electro-physiological measures (e.g., event related brain potentials) and well-validated cognitive paradigms designed to systematically index discrete components of attention function. This will allow mediation tests to determine if predicted alcohol challenge and family history of alcoholism effects on behavior and emotion regulation are the result of impaired attention function.

描述（由申请人提供）：急性酒精中毒经常导致各种形式的反应失调，包括侵略性，性和其他风险，情绪反应的改变，甚至明显暂时失去对酒精使用本身的控制。许多例子中，酒精中毒导致这些失调反应中的反应的特征是强度但不适当的，反应趋势和不兼容的替代反应之间的冲突，这些反应更适应性而较弱。同样，依赖酒精的用户经常遇到围绕酒精使用的冲突或矛盾，初步证据表明，在适应性地解决围绕其饮酒冲突的冲突所必需的注意力功能中，他们可能会受到损害。实际上，许多理论家推测，在患有药物使用和其他外在疾病的个体中，同样的关注机制也可能会长期损害。此外，注意力受损可能代表了一种病学前风险机制，该机制是有酗酒家族史的个体中饮酒障碍风险增加的。这项研究的目的是确认和阐明酒精挑战和酒精中毒家族史对注意力功能的影响，并研究潜在损害对调节行为和情绪响应的后果。最近的理论和基本认知神经科学研究已经显着提高和精致，了解关注过程以及基本的神经生物学结构，这些结构是对冲突期间行为和情绪反应的适应性调节所必需的。这项基础研究已经确定了注意力系统的离散功能，包括维护警报状态，感官方向和执行控制功能，负责控制认知操作。特别是，执行控制的注意力（以及子组件；评估和监管控制）对于克服上下文适应不良，强和/或习惯性响应至关重要。这项理论和研究为醉酒和家族史积极个人的注意力功能的拟议研究奠定了基础。提出的五个实验将使用电体生理措施（例如，事件相关的大脑电位）和精心验证的认知范式，旨在系统地索引注意力功能的离散成分。这将允许调解测试确定预测的酒精挑战和酒精中毒对行为和情绪调节的影响是否是注意力功能受损的结果。