Neurocognitive consequences of adolescent drug use

青少年吸毒的神经认知后果

• 批准号: 7058915
• 负责人: Mark T Fillmore
• 金额: $ 29.27万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2005-09-25 至 2008-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7058915
• 关键词: adolescence (12-20); alcoholism /alcohol abuse; attention; attention deficit disorder; behavioral /social science research tag; behavioral habituation /sensitization; cardiovascular function; case history; clinical research; conduct disorder; disease /disorder onset; disease /disorder proneness /risk; drug abuse; drug habituation; electroencephalography; human subject; impulsive behavior; placebos; psychological tests; psychophysiology; questionnaires; short term memory; visual stimulus

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The effects of adolescent drug use on cognitive functioning is a significant public health concern. Adolescence marks a time of considerable neural development, particularly in brain regions that control attention and behavioral impulses. Drug use during these critical periods of brain development could impede or alter the normal course of neural maturation, resulting in long-term cognitive deficits in these areas. There is also considerable interest in the possibility that stimulant medications, such as methylphenidate, used in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), could sensitize adolescents to the rewarding and disinhibiting effects of other stimulants, thus increasing their risk of abuse as this population enters young adulthood. Despite growing concern about the consequences of adolescent drug use, little is known about the specific behavioral and cognitive deficits that might result from a history of adolescent drug use. The proposed R21 project is designed to identify specific inhibitory-based, neurocognitive deficits associated with a history of adolescent drug use and to examine how this association is mediated by two established adolescent risk factors for substance abuse, ADHD and conduct disorder (CD). Inhibitory deficits will be examined in two domains of functioning: control of behavioral impulses and the ability to select attention to relevant stimuli. Studies will use behavioral and psychophysiological techniques (EEG) to identify specific inhibitory deficits prior to, and following, a history of adolescent drug use. Drug challenge tests are also proposed to identify potential differences in the acute sensitivity to the neurocognitive and rewarding effects of abused drugs as a function of adolescent drug use history and adolescent history of ADHD and CD. The long-term objective of this research is to distinguish antecedent inhibitory deficits that contribute to risk of early-onset adolescent drug use, from resultant inhibitory deficits that represent the underlying neurological insult following a protracted history of adolescent drug use.

描述（由申请人提供）： 青少年药物使用对认知功能的影响是一个重大的公共卫生问题。青春期标志着一个相当大的神经发育的时期，尤其是在控制注意力和行为冲动的大脑区域。在这些关键时期，大脑发育的药物使用可能会阻碍或改变神经成熟的正常过程，从而导致这些地区的长期认知缺陷。在治疗注意力不足多动障碍（ADHD）中使用的刺激性药物（例如哌醋甲酯）的可能性也有很大的兴趣，可以使青少年对其他兴奋剂的奖励和抑制作用敏感，从而增加虐待的风险，因为这个人群这一人群进入了年轻的成年。尽管人们对青少年药物使用的后果越来越关注，但对可能是由于青少年药物使用史而导致的特定行为和认知缺陷知之甚少。拟议的R21项目旨在识别与青少年药物使用史相关的特定基于抑制的，神经认知缺陷，并检查该关联是如何由两种已建立的药物滥用，ADHD和行为障碍（CD）的青少年危险因素介导的。抑制缺陷将在功能的两个领域中进行检查：对行为冲动的控制以及选择注意相关刺激的能力。研究将使用行为和心理生理技术（EEG）在青少年吸毒史之前和之后识别特定的抑制缺陷。还提出了药物挑战测试，以确定对滥用药物的神经认知和奖励作用的急性敏感性的潜在差异，这是青少年药物使用历史和ADHD和CD的青少年历史的函数。这项研究的长期目的是区分有助于早期发作的青少年药物使用风险的先例抑制缺陷，与导致的抑制性缺陷，这些缺陷代表了青少年药物使用史上的旷日持久的基本神经系统损害。