Primate model of an intracortically controlled FES prost

皮质内控制的 FES 前列腺的灵长类动物模型

• 批准号: 7018987
• 负责人: Lee Miller
• 金额: $ 32.3万
• 依托单位: NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY AT CHICAGO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2006-01-01 至 2010-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7018987
• 关键词: Macaca; biological models; brain electrical activity; computer human interaction; electromyography; implant; limb movement; mathematical model; medical implant science; microelectrodes; model design /development; motor cortex; neuromuscular stimulator; neuroregulation

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The goal of this project is to develop a primate model of an upper extremity neuromuscular stimulation system controlled by means of intra-cortical recording electrodes. Individuals with spinal cord injury become paralyzed because they have lost the ability to activate their muscles. These patients' muscles can still be made to contract if they are activated by means of electrical stimuli applied directly to the muscle or nerves. Likewise, the areas of the brain that normally control movement are still active, but their connection to the muscles has been lost as a result of the injury. Researchers at Case Western Reserve University (CWRU) have demonstrated that implanted functional electrical stimulation (FES) neuroprostheses can be used to restore grasp functions to individuals with tetraplegia. Although remarkable, these systems are limited to pre-programmed grasp patterns, and require considerable conscious attention. A more natural control system, with more degrees of freedom could provide greatly improved function. At Northwestern, we have developed methods to predict the activity of arm and hand muscles during grasping movements based on micro-electrode recordings from the brain of a monkey. From a single, chronically implanted array of electrodes, predictions can be made of the activity of shoulder, arm and hand muscles. This type of electrode has yielded maintained recordings for periods in excess of 3 years, and it has recently been approved for experimental use in human patients. We believe that intra-cortical recordings like these provide the potential for simultaneous control of multiple degrees of freedom through natural thought processes. By combining the strengths of the Northwestern and CWRU groups, we propose to develop a brain-computer interface adequate for controlling a neuroprosthesis. The development of a primate model of this neuroprosthetic system would be a major step toward its implementation in human patients. This application includes the following specific aims: 1) We propose to use a 100-electrode array implanted in the primary motor cortex of a mnkey to provide the input to a set of decoders designed to produce real-time predictions of the activity of particular hand muscles. 2) We propose to use the control algorithms developed in aim 1 and an implanted FES prosthesis to restore grasp following temporary muscle paralysis induced by a pharmacological nerve block. 3) We propose to develop these control algorithms without the use of initial EMG measurements, as would be necessary in order to implement the system for a patient.

描述（由申请人提供）：该项目的目的是开发由皮层内记录电极控制的上肢神经肌肉刺激系统的灵长类动物模型。脊髓损伤的人瘫痪了，因为他们失去了激活肌肉的能力。如果这些患者的肌肉通过直接应用于肌肉或神经的电刺激激活，仍然可以使它们收缩。同样，通常控制运动运动的大脑区域仍然活跃，但是由于受伤而失去了与肌肉的联系。 Case Western Reserve University（CWRU）的研究人员表明，可以使用植入的功能性电刺激（FES）神经刺激物来恢复四肢瘫痪者的掌握功能。尽管很引人注目，但这些系统仅限于预先编程的掌握模式，并且需要大量有意识的关注。更自然的控制系统具有更高的自由度，可以极大地改善功能。在西北部，我们开发了基于猴子大脑的微电极记录，可以预测手臂和手部肌肉的活性。从一个慢性植入的电极阵列中，可以预测肩膀，手臂和手动肌肉的活性。这种类型的电极在超过3年的时间内生成了记录，并且最近已被批准用于人类患者的实验用途。我们认为，像这样的皮层记录为通过自然思考过程同时控制多个自由度的潜力提供了潜力。通过结合西北和CWRU组的优势，我们建议开发出足以控制神经假体的脑部计算机界面。该神经假体系统的灵长类动物模型的发展将是迈向其在人类患者中实施的重要一步。该应用程序包括以下特定目的：1）我们建议使用植入MNKEY的主要运动马皮皮层的100电极阵列，以提供一组旨在产生特定手部肌肉活性实时预测的解码器的输入。 2）我们建议使用在AIM 1中开发的控制算法和植入的FES假体来恢复药理学神经阻滞引起的暂时肌肉瘫痪后的掌握。 3）我们建议在不使用初始EMG测量的情况下开发这些控制算法，这是为了实施患者的系统而需要的。