Microbiological Characterization and Mitigation of Bioaerosols in CAFOs

CAFO 中生物气溶胶的微生物特征和缓解

• 批准号: 7225820
• 负责人: NORMAN R PACE
• 金额: $ 29.24万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2006-09-15 至 2010-09-14
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7225820
• 关键词: aerosols; air pollution control; animal food; biohazard detection; electric field; microbiology; microorganism classification; microorganism culture; occupational disease /disorder; occupational hazard; occupational health /safety; pollution related respiratory disorder; polymerase chain reaction; technology /technique development; ultraviolet radiation

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Human respiratory illnesses are a burgeoning cause of morbidity for individuals who work in concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFO). Contact with high densities of livestock in close quarters exposes CAFO workers to large quantities of airborne microbes, antigens, and toxins, which combine to induce acute and chronic respiratory disorders. CAFO workers, particularly those working with swine and poultry, are at the forefront of risk for emerging zoonotic diseases of intense public health concern, including avian influenza, swine influenza, and multi-drug resistant pathogens. Except for the most acute infections, the etiological agents of lung disorders in CAFO workers are not well characterized, because most available microbiological knowledge has depended on culture, which is poorly informative. In contrast, molecular-based assays, such as broad-range polymerase chain reaction (PCR) can provide comprehensive surveys of microbial populations. Moreover, molecular assays can be performed much more rapidly and less expensively than can conventional culture-based techniques. The goals of the proposed four-year program are to use advanced molecular techniques to fully characterize the microbiology of bio-aerosols associated with selected CAFOs and to employ these techniques to test the efficacies of two engineering processes for bio-aerosol disinfection: U.V. irradiation and electrical discharge. Longitudinal air sampling will be performed at two each of swine, poultry, and cattle CAFOs in order to generalize results. The findings of this study are potentially critical for controlling CAFO workers' exposures to harmful microorganisms, advancing diagnostics, directing antimicrobial therapies, and measuring treatment outcomes. The specific objectives of this project are to: 1. Identify and quantify microorganisms associated with CAFO bio-aerosols using traditional and culture- independent technology. 2. Develop and validate PCR-based assays applicable to detection and quantification of bio-aerosol- associated microbes. 3. Evaluate U.V. irradiation and electrical discharge methods of bio-aerosol disinfection in controlled, laboratory environment. 4. Determine the impact on total and viable microbial loads in CAFOs following mitigation with U.V. irradiation and electrical discharge methods of bio-aerosol disinfection.

描述（由申请人提供）：人类呼吸道疾病是集中动物饲养场 (CAFO) 工作人员发病的一个新兴原因。近距离接触高密度的牲畜，使 CAFO 工作人员接触到大量空气传播的微生物、抗原和毒素，这些因素结合起来会诱发急性和慢性呼吸系统疾病。 CAFO 工作人员，特别是从事猪和家禽工作的工作人员，处于引起公共卫生强烈关注的新出现人畜共患疾病（包括禽流感、猪流感和多重耐药病原体）风险的最前线。除了最急性的感染外，CAFO 工人肺部疾病的病因尚不明确，因为大多数可用的微生物学知识都依赖于培养，而培养的信息量很少。相比之下，基于分子的检测，例如广范围聚合酶链反应（PCR），可以提供微生物种群的全面调查。此外，与传统的基于培养的技术相比，分子测定可以更快、更便宜地进行。拟议的四年计划的目标是使用先进的分子技术来全面表征与选定的 CAFO 相关的生物气溶胶的微生物学特征，并利用这些技术来测试生物气溶胶消毒的两种工程工艺的功效：辐射和放电。将在猪、家禽和牛 CAFO 各两个处进行纵向空气采样，以便概括结果。这项研究的结果对于控制 CAFO 工作人员接触有害微生物、推进诊断、指导抗菌治疗和衡量治疗结果可能至关重要。该项目的具体目标是： 1. 使用传统和独立于培养的技术来识别和量化与 CAFO 生物气溶胶相关的微生物。 2. 开发并验证适用于生物气溶胶相关微生物检测和定量的基于 PCR 的检测方法。 3. 评估紫外线受控实验室环境中生物气溶胶消毒的辐照和放电方法。 4. 确定采用紫外线缓解后对 CAFO 中总微生物负荷和活微生物负荷的影响。生物气溶胶消毒的辐射和放电方法。