环保部约谈对邻居城市的治理效应：以空气污染治理为例

The administrative interview by the Ministry of Environmental Protection broke the existing pattern of environmental governance and was regarded as a short-term means to improve the air quality of the cities interviewed by the existing literatures. Another question that this project is trying to answer is whether this kind of governance can affect other cities around the city being interviewed, and then produce governance effects. This issue has significant academic value and policy implications. Measuring and assessing the governance effect of the administrative interview on neighboring cities can not only effectively capture the spillover effect of environmental protection governance behavior, making up for the deficiencies of existing literature, but also provide theoretical support for further promoting the reform of local environmental protection system and improving the formulation and implementation of environmental protection governance policies..Using prefecture-level cities interviewed by the Ministry of Environmental Protection for air pollution from 2014 to 2018 as natural experiments, this paper attempts to test the effect of the administrative interviews. The targets of this project is to examine the impact of the interview conducted by the Ministry of Environmental Protection on the air quality of surrounding cities, reveal its boundaries and mechanisms, and provide countermeasures and suggestions for the current environmental protection system reform.

环保部约谈打破了环境治理已有的格局，被文献认为是短期改善被约谈城市空气质量的手段。本项目试图回答的另一个问题是，这种治理方式能否影响到被约谈城市周围的其他城市，进而产生治理效果？该问题具有显著的学术价值和政策含义。测度和计量环保部约谈市（县）主要负责人对邻居城市的治理效应，既能有效捕获环保治理行为的溢出效应，弥补现有文献的不足，又能为进一步推进地方环保体制改革，提高环保治理政策的制定与执行实效提供理论支撑。.利用2004-2018年环保部因空气污染的城市（主要是地级市）作为自然实验，本课题试图检验环保部约谈式治理的效果。本课题的目标在于，检验环保部约谈对周围城市空气质量产生的影响，揭示其作用边界及其机制，为当前的环保体制改革提供对策建议。

环保部约谈打破了环境治理已有的格局，被文献认为是短期改善被约谈城市空气质量的手段。本项目试图回答的另一个问题是，这种治理方式能否影响到被约谈城市周围的其他城市，进而产生治理效果？课题利用2014-2018年环保部因空气污染而约谈的29个地级市作为自然实验，通过RDD估计检验环保部约谈对周围城市空气质量产生的影响，揭示其作用时效、效果边界及溢出机制，为当前的环保体制改革提供对策建议。.课题研究表明，环保部约谈这一对污染属地化治理的“矫正”举措，对周围邻居城市存在溢出效果。但是这种溢出效果主要发生在同一省份的政治邻居城市之间，存在以省界为限的溢出边界。约谈对500km以内的政治邻居的治理效果高出非政治邻居5.84个百分点。并且和对被约谈城市的效果一样，约谈对邻居城市的治理效果持续时间在3期15天左右，超过3期不再有效。与环保约谈治理效果形成对照，长期的环境治理效果依赖于央地之间权力结构的优化，尤其是在环境监测、环境监察以及环境执法权限在中央与地方之间的调配。.课题结论对政策实践提供如下几点启示：（1）在震慑效果的提升上，需要突破监督方内部的合谋体系来清理环境治理当中的“存量”问题，在强化跨省联防联控的同时需要加强中央对地方的跨省同步监管；（2）运动式治理虽能及时生效，但持续性提升空气质量仍依赖于长期的制度建设，推动环保机构实质性垂改，在省层面上收环保执法权意义重大；（3）适度向省分权，充分发挥地方政府追逐环境治理相对绩效锦标赛这一地区竞争机制的作用；（4）强化过程考核，全面考察环境治理的持续性效果。

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