Econometric Study of Schooling, Information, and Smoking

学校教育、信息和吸烟的计量经济学研究

• 批准号: 7091878
• 负责人: Donald S. Kenkel
• 金额: $ 25.17万
• 依托单位: CORNELL UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2006-05-10 至 2009-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7091878
• 关键词: academic achievement; behavioral /social science research tag; clinical research; decision making; education evaluation /planning; health behavior; health education; human data; information systems; longitudinal human study; smoking; smoking cessation; substance abuse epidemiology; tobacco abuse education; tobacco abuse prevention

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): We propose to investigate the relationship between schooling and smoking behaviors as a case study to shed light on more general questions about the links between schooling and health. One causal pathway is through health information, where general schooling helps consumers respond to new information about the health consequences of behaviors such as smoking. Alternatively, the association between schooling and health may not be causal, but may instead reflect hard-to-observe differences between people with different levels of schooling. In Study 1 we econometrically analyze data on individual life-course smoking histories that span the period from the 1920s through the end of the 20th century. Study 1 will examine Hypothesis 1: The link between schooling and smoking initiation in multiple birth cohorts depends on the smoking health information available during adolescence and early adulthood. Major innovations will be to examine Hypothesis 2: The link between schooling and smoking cessation in multiple birth cohorts depends on the smoking health information available later in the life course when cessation decisions are made; and Hypothesis 3: The relationship between schooling and smoking cessation will be the strongest in the cohorts who initiated smoking before the spread of smoking health information. Study 2 will use the instrumental variables (IV) method to identify the causal impact of schooling on smoking initiation and cessation. There is substantial variation across states and over time in educational policies that provides natural or quasi-experimental variation in completed schooling outcomes. The state-level policy variables will be used as IVs for schooling to test Hypothesis 4: Completed schooling has a causal impact to reduce smoking initiation and increase smoking cessation. Our application of the IV method carefully considers whether the proposed IVs (a) can be excluded as direct determinants of the smoking outcomes; and (b) have sufficient explanatory power as determinants of schooling.

描述（由申请人提供）：我们建议调查教育行为与吸烟行为之间的关系，以阐明有关学校与健康之间的联系的更一般性问题。一种因果途径是通过健康信息，在这种信息中，普通学校帮助消费者响应有关吸烟等行为的健康后果的新信息。另外，学校和健康之间的关联可能不是因果关系，而是反映出不同教育水平的人之间难以忽略的差异。在研究1中，我们对跨越1920年代至20世纪末时期的个人生活探索历史进行了计量分析。研究1将检查假设1：多个出生队列中的学校和吸烟启动之间的联系取决于青春期和成年初期的吸烟健康信息。重大创新将是检查 假设2：在做出戒烟决定时，多出生队列中的学校和戒烟之间的联系取决于生命过程中提供的吸烟健康信息；和假设3：在吸烟健康信息传播之前，在开始吸烟的人群中，学校和戒烟之间的关系将是最牢固的。研究2将使用仪器变量（IV）方法来确定学校教育对吸烟启动和 停止。在教育政策中，各州和随着时间的流逝存在实质性差异，这些政策在完成的教育成果中提供了自然或准实验的差异。州级政策变量将用作检验假设4：完成的教育的IVS，对减少吸烟启动和增加吸烟戒烟具有因果影响。我们对IV方法的应用仔细考虑，是否可以将提出的IV（a）排除为吸烟结果的直接决定因素； （b）具有足够的解释能力作为学校的决定因素。