Econometric Study of Schooling, Information, and Smoking

学校教育、信息和吸烟的计量经济学研究

• 批准号: 7091878
• 负责人: Donald S. Kenkel
• 金额: $ 25.17万
• 依托单位: CORNELL UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2006-05-10 至 2009-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7091878
• 关键词: academic achievement; behavioral /social science research tag; clinical research; decision making; education evaluation /planning; health behavior; health education; human data; information systems; longitudinal human study; smoking; smoking cessation; substance abuse epidemiology; tobacco abuse education; tobacco abuse prevention

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): We propose to investigate the relationship between schooling and smoking behaviors as a case study to shed light on more general questions about the links between schooling and health. One causal pathway is through health information, where general schooling helps consumers respond to new information about the health consequences of behaviors such as smoking. Alternatively, the association between schooling and health may not be causal, but may instead reflect hard-to-observe differences between people with different levels of schooling. In Study 1 we econometrically analyze data on individual life-course smoking histories that span the period from the 1920s through the end of the 20th century. Study 1 will examine Hypothesis 1: The link between schooling and smoking initiation in multiple birth cohorts depends on the smoking health information available during adolescence and early adulthood. Major innovations will be to examine Hypothesis 2: The link between schooling and smoking cessation in multiple birth cohorts depends on the smoking health information available later in the life course when cessation decisions are made; and Hypothesis 3: The relationship between schooling and smoking cessation will be the strongest in the cohorts who initiated smoking before the spread of smoking health information. Study 2 will use the instrumental variables (IV) method to identify the causal impact of schooling on smoking initiation and cessation. There is substantial variation across states and over time in educational policies that provides natural or quasi-experimental variation in completed schooling outcomes. The state-level policy variables will be used as IVs for schooling to test Hypothesis 4: Completed schooling has a causal impact to reduce smoking initiation and increase smoking cessation. Our application of the IV method carefully considers whether the proposed IVs (a) can be excluded as direct determinants of the smoking outcomes; and (b) have sufficient explanatory power as determinants of schooling.

描述（由申请人提供）：我们建议将学校教育与吸烟行为之间的关系作为案例研究进行调查，以阐明有关学校教育与健康之间联系的更普遍的问题。一种因果途径是通过健康信息，普通教育可以帮助消费者对有关吸烟等行为对健康造成的后果的新信息做出反应。或者，学校教育与健康之间的关联可能不是因果关系，而是可能反映了不同教育程度的人之间难以观察的差异。在研究 1 中，我们对 20 世纪 20 年代至 20 世纪末的个人生命全程吸烟史数据进行了计量经济学分析。研究 1 将检验假设 1：多出生队列中的学校教育和开始吸烟之间的联系取决于青春期和成年早期可获得的吸烟健康信息。主要创新将是审查 假设 2：多出生队列中的上学与戒烟之间的联系取决于在生命历程后期做出戒烟决定时可获得的吸烟健康信息；假设 3：在吸烟健康信息传播之前开始吸烟的人群中，上学与戒烟之间的关系最强。研究 2 将使用工具变量 (IV) 方法来确定学校教育对吸烟开始和吸烟的因果影响 停止。各州之间以及随着时间的推移，教育政策存在很大差异，导致完成的学业成果存在自然或准实验性的差异。州级政策变量将用作学校教育的 IV 来检验假设 4：完成学校教育对减少吸烟和增加戒烟具有因果影响。我们对 IV 方法的应用仔细考虑了是否可以将所提出的 IV (a) 排除为吸烟结果的直接决定因素； (b) 作为学校教育的决定因素有足够的解释力。