MEASUREMENT OF EXECUTIVE FUNCTION IN YOUNG CHILDREN

幼儿执行功能的测量

• 批准号: 7012089
• 负责人: Clancy B Blair
• 金额: $ 48.25万
• 依托单位: PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY, THE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2005-09-30 至 2010-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7012089
• 关键词: attention; attention deficit disorder; behavior test; behavioral /social science research tag; child behavior; child psychology; clinical research; communication behavior; data collection methodology /evaluation; executive function; human subject; language development; learning disorders; longitudinal human study; mental disorder diagnosis; method development; preschool child (1-5); psychometrics; racial /ethnic difference; short term memory; socioeconomics

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Executive function (EF), also referred to as fluid cognition, is comprised of working memory, inhibitory control, and attention shifting processes known to be dependent upon cortical circuitry associated primarily with the prefrontal cortex and to develop rapidly in early childhood. As a unique aspect of developing cognitive competence with a well-defined neurobiological basis, EF has been shown to play a central role in developing aspects of self-regulation important for social and academic competence and readiness for school. However, given the relation of EF to the development of self-regulation, there is currently no uniform measurement battery that can reliably and validly measure individual differences in change in EF in early childhood. There is an urgent need to develop such a measurement battery, particularly for use in the context of large-scale studies. Its absence limits knowledge of basic developmental questions regarding intraindividual change in EF and the relation of that change to the primary accomplishments of early childhood. Accordingly this application proposes to develop an easily administered, highly portable battery of working memory, inhibitory control, and attention shifting cognitive tasks to measure EF in 3 to 5 year old children; to utilize item response theory to establish the psychometric properties and scoring procedures for the measurement battery in a cross sectional sample of 300 children age 3 to 5 years; to collect data on developmental change using the EF battery with a racially and economically diverse, epidemiologically derived sample of 600 children that are being followed from birth to age 3 in a study known as the Family Life Project and that will be followed from ages 3 to 5 years under this application to create a normative database for the newly developed EF measurement battery; and to establish the validity of the EF measurement battery with the normative sample of 600 by determining the extent to which performance on the battery accounts for unique variance over and above that associated with general intelligence and language ability in standardized laboratory and teacher and parent report measures of social and academic competence and emotional reactivity and effortful control, and by determining the extent to which the battery identifies EF deficits in low severity/high incidence developmental disorders such as learning disability and attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder.

描述（由申请人提供）：执行功能（EF），也称为流体认知，由工作记忆，抑制性控制和已知的注意力转移过程组成，这些过程依赖于主要与前额叶皮质相关的皮质电路，主要在幼年时期迅速发展。作为具有明确定义的神经生物学基础发展认知能力的独特方面，EF已被证明在发展自我调节方面对社会和学术能力和学校准备重要的方面起着核心作用。但是，鉴于EF与自我调节的发展有关，目前尚无统一的测量电池，可以可靠，有效地衡量幼儿期EF的变化个体差异。迫切需要开发这样的测量电池，尤其是在大规模研究的背景下使用。它的缺失限制了关于EF内部变化的基本发展问题的知识以及该变化与幼儿的主要成就的关系。因此，本申请建议开发易于管理的，高度便携的工作记忆，抑制性控制和注意力转移认知任务，以测量3至5岁儿童的EF；利用项目响应理论来建立300岁儿童3至5岁儿童的横截面样本中测量电池的心理测量特性和评分程序；使用EF电池以种族和经济多样的流行病学衍生的600名儿童的样本收集有关发育变化的数据，这些样本在一项称为“家庭生活项目”的研究中，从出生到3岁，并将在此应用下遵循3至5岁的5岁，以创建新开发的EF测量电池的规范数据库； and to establish the validity of the EF measurement battery with the normative sample of 600 by determining the extent to which performance on the battery accounts for unique variance over and above that associated with general intelligence and language ability in standardized laboratory and teacher and parent report measures of social and academic competence and emotional reactivity and effortful control, and by determining the extent to which the battery identifies EF deficits in low severity/high incidence developmental disorders such as learning disability and attention赤字疾病障碍。