Neurocognitive mechanisms of control over cognitive stability and flexibility

控制认知稳定性和灵活性的神经认知机制

• 批准号: 10709062
• 负责人: Tobias Egner
• 金额: $ 47.64万
• 依托单位: DUKE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-09-01 至 2028-07-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10709062
• 关键词: Adaptive Behaviors; Address; Allium cepa; Anterior; Attention; Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; Basal Ganglia; Basic Science; Behavior; Behavioral; Brain; Clinical; Cognitive; Computer Models; Conflict (Psychology); Data; Data Set; Diffusion; Electroencephalography; Environment; Exposure to; Failure; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Geometry; Goals; Human; Impairment; Investigation; Lateral; Learning; Life; Literature; Measures; Mediating; Modeling; Monitor; Neuroanatomy; Neurocognitive; Neurologic; Parietal; Patients; Phase; Population; Process; Protocols documentation; Psychological reinforcement; Reaction Time; Readiness; Reading; Recipe; Regulation; Resolution; Role; Shapes; Site; Slice; Stimulus; Testing; Time; Variant; Work; adjudication; base; behavior test; blood flow measurement; cingulate cortex; cognitive control; cognitive process; cognitive reappraisal; cooking; cost; distraction; flexibility; innovation; learning algorithm; millisecond; neural; neuromechanism; novel; response; simulation; stimulus processing; success; temporal measurement

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Humans have a uniquely developed ability to impose internal goals on how they interact with their environment. Referred to as “cognitive control”, this capacity includes two core components: (1) the ability to focus attention on currently goal-relevant stimulus features and responses (a “task set”) while ignoring task-irrelevant features (cognitive stability); and (2) the ability to switch to a different task set when circumstances change (cognitive flexibility). Crucially, to thrive in a dynamic environment, we need to continuously adapt our levels of cognitive stability and flexibility to suit changing demands. E.g., when cooking a meal, needs for stability (e.g., a strong task-focus when slicing onion) and flexibility (e.g., rapid shifting between recipe reading and stovetop monitoring) change frequently over time. The strategic regulation of stability and flexibility is thus fundamental for success in everyday life, and is in fact severely impaired in many clinical conditions. However, the underlying neurocognitive mechanisms are poorly understood. This is due to the fact that, while there are large literatures on cognitive stability (in the shape of conflict-control studies) and flexibility (in the shape of task-switching studies), these processes have been either investigated in isolation, conflated, or not interrogated in terms of their dynamic adaptation. The present proposal seeks to overcome these barriers to progress by combining a novel task protocol that assesses simultaneous and independent adaptive shifts in stability and flexibility with computational modeling, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and intracranial electro- encephalography (iEEG). Our overall goal is to characterize the neurocognitive mechanisms of concurrent, strategic control over cognitive stability and flexibility. We triangulate this goal via three aims: Aim 1 seeks to establish the first computational model of concurrent stability and flexibility regulation by fitting and simulating behavioral data from protocols with time-varying demands on stability and flexibility (Studies 1 and 2). Our working model consists of two independent reinforcement learners making trial-by-trial predictions about forthcoming demands on stability (conflict- likelihood) and flexibility (switch-likelihood), which in turn modulate distinct within-trial drift-diffusion model parameters. Aim 2 employs the winning model to determine the neural mechanisms mediating these adjustments in stability and flexibility. Building on a large prior literature, we use complementary fMRI (Study 3) and iEEG (Study 4) approaches to test specific neuroanatomical hypotheses about the respective roles of the lateral prefrontal, posterior parietal, and anterior cingulate cortex, as well as the basal ganglia, in supporting the proactive adaptation of stability and flexibility to time-varying demands. Finally, Aim 3 will use fMRI to characterize the neural reinstatement of context- appropriate stability and flexibility settings when they are applied reactively, i.e., in response to specific demand- predicting stimuli (Study 5). Together, these complementary aims represent the first systematic investigation into the computational and neural mechanisms underlying the concurrent regulation of cognitive stability and flexibility. This innovative project will significantly advance our understanding of the neurocomputational bases of cognitive control, and lay the groundwork for identifying potential failure modes of stability and flexibility regulation in clinical conditions.

项目摘要/摘要 人类具有独特发展的能力，可以对他们与环境互动的内部目标施加内部目标。 该能力称为“认知控制”，包括两个核心组成部分：（1）将注意力集中在 当前与目标相关的刺激特征和响应（“任务集”），而忽略任务 - iRrelevant功能（认知功能） 稳定）; （2）在情况发生变化时可以切换到其他任务集的能力（认知灵活性）。十字 为了在动态的环境中蓬勃发展，我们需要继续适应我们的认知稳定性和灵活性以适应 需求不断变化。例如，在烹饪一顿饭时，需要稳定（例如，切成洋葱时的强大任务聚焦）和 灵活性（例如，食谱阅读和炉灶监控之间的快速移动）随着时间的流逝而经常变化。这 因此 在许多临床条件下受损。但是，基本的神经认知机制知之甚少。这是 由于事实是，尽管有关于认知稳定性的大量文献（以冲突控制研究的形式）和 灵活性（根据任务切换研究的形式），这些过程已被孤立地研究，混合， 或者没有根据其动态适应来审问。目前的提议旨在克服这些障碍 通过结合新的任务协议来评估稳定性的简单和独立自适应转移的进展 具有计算建模，功能磁共振成像（fMRI）和颅内电 - 的灵活性 脑电图（IEEG）。我们的总体目标是表征并发，策略的神经认知机制 控制认知稳定性和灵活性。我们通过三个目标对此目标进行三角测量：目标1寻求建立第一个 通过拟合和模拟行为数据的同时稳定性和灵活性调节的计算模型 对稳定性和灵活性的时变要求的协议（研究1和2）。我们的工作模型包括两个 独立的强化学习者对即将到来的稳定需求进行逐审预测（冲突 - 可能性）和灵活性（开关类型），进而调节不同的内部漂移扩散模型 参数。 AIG 2员工的获奖模型，以确定介导这些调整的神经机制 稳定性和灵活性。在大型先前文献的基础上，我们使用完整的fMRI（研究3）和IEEG（研究4） 测试有关外侧前额叶，后部相对作用的特定神经解剖学假设的方法 顶叶和前扣带回皮质以及基底神经节，以支持稳定的主动适应 以及时间变化需求的灵活性。最后，AIM 3将使用fMRI来表征上下文的神经恢复原状 - 当反应地应用它们时，适当的稳定性和灵活性设置，即响应特定的需求 - 预测刺激（研究5）。这些完整的目标共同代表了对 同时调节认知稳定性和灵活性的计算和神经机制。这 创新的项目将大大提高我们对认知控制的神经计算基础的理解， 并为识别临床条件下稳定性和柔韧性调节的潜在故障模式奠定了基础。