Characterizing neural mechanisms of cognitive control

表征认知控制的神经机制

• 批准号: 8885894
• 负责人: Tobias Egner
• 金额: $ 31.22万
• 依托单位: DUKE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-01-06 至 2019-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8885894
• 关键词: Accidents; Adaptive Behaviors; Affect; Attention; Bayesian Modeling; Behavior; Behavior Control; Brain; Brain region; Categories; Choice Behavior; Clinical; Cognition; Cognitive; Commuting; Computer Simulation; Conflict (Psychology); Cues; Dementia; Dissociation; Education; Eye; Failure; Fostering; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Goals; Grant; Habits; Health; Human; Investigation; Knowledge; Laws; Lead; Learning; Link; Literature; Measurement; Mediating; Memory; Mental disorders; Modeling; Neurodegenerative Disorders; Neurosciences; Participant; Pattern; Play; Population; Probability; Process; Research; Research Personnel; Research Proposals; Response to stimulus physiology; Rewards; Role; Running; Schizophrenia; Stimulus; Symptoms; Task Performances; Testing; Thinking; Time; Uncertainty; Update; Ursidae Family; Work; abstracting; base; cognitive control; forgetting; improved; information processing; innovation; insight; lens; memory encoding; memory process; memory retrieval; neuromechanism; novel; novel strategies; operation; programs; relating to nervous system; response; theories

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The overall purpose of our research program is to understand the brain mechanisms of cognitive control, the ability to flexibly adapt thoughts and behavior in line with internal goals. Work in the previous grant period has focused on how conflicts in information processing (e.g., uncertainty over how to best steer into your intended lane at a busy intersection) can lead to an immediate re-focusing of attention on the task at hand (conflict- control). In this renewal application, we ask broadly: what happens the next time you approach that intersection? Will you remember your previous difficulties and approach it with a heightened focus of attention to start with? This type of interaction between cognitive control and memory processes pervades our daily lives, and a failure to appropriately match situational demands with attentional states is a key feature of many debilitating psychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia. However, how associations are formed between cues (e.g., the intersection) and appropriate control states, and what the consequences are of different control operations for subsequent memory, is presently poorly understood, owing in part to control being defined historically in opposition to well-learned responses ("will vs. habit"). Therefore, the goal of this proposal is to characterize the interaction of cognitive control and associative processes in order to improve current models of how the brain supports adaptive behavior, and to enable new approaches for understanding failures of cognitive control in the clinical domain. To this end, we examine control-memory interactions from two directions: first, specific aim 1 investigates how learning drives the allocation of cognitive control. In other words how does the busy intersection become associated with a heightened control state? We use computational modeling, fMRI, and fMRI-guided TMS approaches to characterize how the brain learns to adapt control settings to changing demands (study 1), and to directly contrast the neural mechanisms that link cues to control states (context-control learning) with those supporting classic stimulus-stimulus and stimulus- response learning (studies 2 and 3). Second, specific aim 2 characterizes how cognitive control processes affect memory. E.g., are you more likely to remember key details about the intersection after you had to overcome difficulty there? Specifically, we will assess the impact of three crucial cognitive control operations (conflict-control, updating, and response inhibition) on memory encoding, by having participants perform these operations on different stimuli and subsequently testing their recognition of these stimuli i surprise memory tests (studies 4-6). Pairing this approach with fMRI allows us to parse the brain mechanisms that link specific control operations to memory by contrasting the neural signatures of successful (subsequently remembered) vs. unsuccessful (subsequently forgotten) encoding of task-relevant and task-irrelevant stimuli as a function of control state. This innovative projec is set to significantly improve our understanding of how the human brain facilitates context-sensitive, controlled behavior, and to gain insight into how this ability may fail.

描述（由申请人提供）：我们的研究计划的总体目的是了解认知控制的大脑机制，即符合内部目标的思想和行为的能力。上一个赠款期间的工作集中在信息处理中的冲突（例如，如何在繁忙的交叉路口最佳地转向您的预期车道的不确定性）可能会导致立即将注意力重新集中在手中的任务上（冲突控制）。在此续订应用程序中，我们广泛地问：下次您接触相交时会发生什么？您会记得您以前的困难并以更高的关注重点开始处理吗？认知控制和记忆过程之间的这种相互作用遍及我们的日常生活，而无法适当地与注意状态适当地匹配情境需求是许多使精神病患者（例如精神分裂症）的关键特征。但是，目前对线索（例如，交叉路口）和适当的控制状态之间形成了关联，以及后续记忆的不同控制操作的后果是什么，部分理解为部分原因，部分原因是在历史上与良好的应对措施相反（“威尔vs. vs. vs. vs. vs. vs.”）。因此，该提案的目的是表征认知控制和关联过程的相互作用，以改善大脑如何支持适应性行为的当前模型，并为理解临床领域认知控制失败的新方法。为此，我们检查了从两个方向进行控制内存相互作用：第一个特定目标1研究学习如何驱动认知控制的分配。换句话说，繁忙的十字路口如何与控制状态增强相关联？我们使用计算建模，fMRI和FMRI引导的TMS方法来表征大脑如何将控制设置适应不断变化的需求（研究1），并将其与支持状态（上下文控制）联系起来的神经机制（研究1），并将其与支持经典刺激刺激性刺激性刺激和刺激性响应的人将其联系起来。其次，特定目标2表征认知控制过程如何影响记忆。例如，您是否更有可能在克服困难之后记住有关交叉路口的关键细节？具体而言，我们将通过让参与者对不同的刺激执行这些操作，并随后测试他们对这些刺激的认识I Surge Memory测试（研究4-6）来评估三个至关重要的认知控制操作（冲突控制，更新和抑制）对记忆编码的影响（研究4-6）。将这种方法与fMRI配对，使我们能够通过将特定的控制操作与记忆联系起来的大脑机制，将成功（随后被记住的）与失败（随后被遗忘的）编码进行任务相关的和任务相关的和任务 - 任务 - 与任务 - 毫无疑问的刺激与控制状态的功能的神经信号。这种创新的ProJEC将显着提高我们对人脑如何促进上下文敏感，受控行为的理解，并深入了解这种能力如何失败。