Evaluation of Portable Samplers for Viable Bioaerosols

便携式生物气溶胶采样器的评估

• 批准号: 6935299
• 负责人: GEDIMINAS MAINELIS
• 金额: $ 7.88万
• 依托单位: RUTGERS, THE STATE UNIV OF N.J.
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2004
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2004-09-01 至 2007-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6935299
• 关键词: Bacillus anthracis; Fungi; aerosols; air pollution control; air sampling /monitoring; anthrax; anthrax toxin; bacteria; biohazard detection; bioterrorism /chemical warfare; environmental exposure; evaluation /testing; mathematical model; occupational health /safety; portable biomedical equipment; sample collection; statistics /biometry

DESCRIPTION: This grant application responds to PA-01-032 "Career Development Grants in Occupational Safety and Health Research". It also responds to NORA's Priority Research Areas: Infectious Diseases, Indoor Environment, and Exposure Assessment Methods. Exposure to airborne biological agents, especially to pathogenic or allergenic microorganisms, may cause a wide range of respiratory and other health disorders in occupational and general populations. Also, there is a threat that certain biological agents, such as anthrax causing Bacillus anthracis spores, may be used as biowarfare agents. Exposure to airborne microorganisms is often assessed by using air samplers designed for monitoring viable microbial aerosols. Currently, there is an increased use of portable samplers for viable aerosols. In this research we will evaluate the physical and biological performances of seven portable bioaerosol samplers that have recently been introduced into the market or modified to meet today's requirements. The physical collection efficiency of the test samplers determined in a laboratory setting with different biological and non-biological test particles will be compared against conventions for inhalable particles. The biological performance of the portable samplers will be compared against an Andersen impactor and an inhalation-based sampler adapted for viable bioaerosols. The biological performance of the portable samplers will be investigated using three species of bacteria and three species of fungi. The test organisms include a simulant of Bacillus anthracis, which will allow determining the efficiency of the samplers when collecting airborne B. anthracis spores. The efficiency of portable samplers when collecting airborne bacteria and fungi will also be evaluated in indoor and outdoor field environments during different seasons. Based on the obtained results, the researchers will develop practical recommendations for using the tested portable bioaerosol samplers, especially as it relates to exposure assessment and particle penetration into the respiratory system. The recommendations produced by this research can then be used by the health professionals and other stakeholders performing bioaerosol exposure monitoring. Future directions of this research will be development of a portable bioaerosol sampler, sampling characteristics of which follow conventions for inhalable, thoracic and respirable particles.

描述：本补助金申请响应 PA-01-032“职业安全与健康研究职业发展补助金”。它还响应 NORA 的优先研究领域：传染病、室内环境和暴露评估方法。接触空气中的生物制剂，特别是致病性或过敏性微生物，可能会导致职业人群和普通人群出现多种呼吸系统和其他健康疾病。此外，还存在某些生物制剂（例如引起炭疽杆菌孢子的炭疽病）可能被用作生物战剂的威胁。通常通过使用专为监测活微生物气溶胶而设计的空气采样器来评估空气中微生物的暴露情况。目前，越来越多地使用便携式气溶胶采样器。在这项研究中，我们将评估最近引入市场或经过修改以满足当今要求的七种便携式生物气溶胶采样器的物理和生物性能。在实验室环境中使用不同的生物和非生物测试颗粒确定的测试采样器的物理收集效率将与可吸入颗粒的惯例进行比较。便携式采样器的生物性能将与安德森冲击器和适用于可行生物气溶胶的吸入式采样器进行比较。将使用三种细菌和三种真菌来研究便携式采样器的生物学性能。测试生物体包括炭疽芽孢杆菌的模拟物，这将有助于确定采样器在收集空气中的炭疽芽孢杆菌孢子时的效率。便携式采样器采集空气中细菌和真菌的效率也将在不同季节的室内和室外现场环境中进行评估。根据获得的结果，研究人员将制定使用经过测试的便携式生物气溶胶采样器的实用建议，特别是与暴露评估和颗粒渗透到呼吸系统相关的建议。这项研究提出的建议可以供卫生专业人员和其他利益相关者进行生物气溶胶暴露监测。这项研究的未来方向将是开发便携式生物气溶胶采样器，其采样特性遵循可吸入、胸部和可呼吸颗粒的惯例。