Status & Gender Influences on Perceptions of MR

地位

• 批准号: 6731759
• 负责人: KRISTA M WILKINSON
• 金额: $ 7.79万
• 依托单位: EMERSON COLLEGE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2004
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2004-04-01 至 2006-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6731759
• 关键词: behavior test; behavioral /social science research tag; clinical research; developmental disease /disorder; female; functional ability; gender difference; human subject; mental retardation; perception; person with disability; psycholinguistics; social behavior; social psychology; speech

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Recent legislation has ensured legal and educational rights for members of society with a diverse range of disabilities. The extent to which these shifts have affected perceptions and behavior by non-disabled members of society is not yet clear. What is known, however, is that an individual's ability to function in social, educational, and vocational environments is dependent not just on the behavior of that individual, but also on the ways in which he or she is perceived and treated by the larger society. Thus, exploring perceptions of and responses to individuals with disabilities is essential. This application will explore two factors that social psychologists have demonstrated to be important determinants of social interactions. One is "status," that is, a person's social standing, rank position, dominance, or power relative to other group members. The second is gender and adherence to gender-typical behavior. Both have been shown to clearly and consistently affect perceptions and behavior in the general population. Despite extensive research with non-disabled people, virtually nothing is known about the extent to which status and/or gender affect perceptions and behaviors when the individuals under consideration have a manifest intellectual disability. It is perhaps surprising that two factors that have received such widespread attention in other populations have been largely ignored in the area of developmental disabilities. Are individuals with intellectual impairments judged and responded to along the dimensions of status and gender-typical behavior? If so, the ability of such people to interact and function may be affected. This project has two specific aims: (a) to identify whether adherence to gender-typical behavior influences perceptions of females with intellectual disabilities by non-disabled individuals, and (b) to evaluate the role of gender and perceived status in determining behavior exhibited towards females with intellectual disabilities. Study 1 examines how non-disabled adults rate interactions when a female with mental retardation adheres to female-typical speech patterns as compared to when she does not. Study 2 manipulates the perceived status of an individual (a research confederate) to explore whether non-disabled adults behave differently toward someone they expect has mental retardation than someone considered to be a peer, someone of higher status, or someone of lower status.

描述（由申请人提供）：最近的立法确保了各种残疾范围的社会成员的法律和教育权利。 这些转变影响了社会非贫困成员的看法和行为的程度尚不清楚。 然而，众所周知，一个人在社会，教育和职业环境中发挥作用的能力不仅取决于该人的行为，还取决于他或她被较大的社会所感知和对待的方式。 因此，探索对残疾人个人的看法和反应至关重要。 该应用将探讨社会心理学家证明是社会互动的重要决定因素的两个因素。 一个是“地位”，即，相对于其他团体成员，一个人的社会地位，排名地位，优势或权力。 第二个是性别和遵守性别典型行为。 两者都被证明会清楚而始终如一地影响一般人群的看法和行为。 尽管与非贫困人士进行了广泛的研究，但实际上，当所考虑的个人具有明显的智力残疾时，地位和/或性别影响的看法和行为的程度几乎一无所知。 令人惊讶的是，在发育障碍领域，在其他人群中受到如此广泛关注的两个因素在很大程度上被忽略了。 有智力障碍的人是否沿着地位和性别典型行为的方面进行了判断和反应？ 如果是这样，可能会影响此类人互动和功能的能力。 该项目具有两个具体的目的：（a）确定对性别典型行为的遵守是否会影响非障碍者对智障女性的看法，以及（b）评估性别和感知状态在确定对女性智力残疾的行为中的作用。 研究1研究了非障碍成年人在智力低下的女性与女性典型语音模式相比与不相比的女性相互作用的评价。 研究2操纵个人（研究同盟）的感知状态，以探讨非肢体成年人对他们所期望的人的智力低下是否有不同的行为，而不是被认为是同伴，地位较高的人或地位较低的人。