Neuroimaging Attentional Impairment During Abstinence

戒断期间的神经影像学注意力障碍

• 批准号: 6712622
• 负责人: Francis Joseph McClernon
• 金额: $ 13.81万
• 依托单位: DUKE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2004
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2004-07-01 至 2008-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6712622
• 关键词: amygdala; arousal; behavioral /social science research tag; bioimaging /biomedical imaging; brain circulation; brain electrical activity; brain imaging /visualization /scanning; cingulate gyrus; clinical research; cognition disorders; craving; drug /alcohol abstinence; drug addiction; emotional adjustment; functional magnetic resonance imaging; human middle age (35-64); human subject; neural information processing; neuropharmacology; prefrontal lobe /cortex; psychopharmacology; relapse /recurrence; smoking; thalamus; tobacco abuse; young adult human (21-34)

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Candidate: F. Joseph McClernon, Ph.D., is a Research Associate in the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at Duke University Medical Center (DUMC). His primary interests are in the cognitive, behavioral and emotional effects of tobacco smoking in humans including craving, withdrawal, and cessation treatment. Trained in clinical psychology and psychophysiology, he has the immediate goals of acquiring 1) intensive training in behavioral pharmacology, 2) skills in modern neuro-imaging techniques, and 3) training in the responsible conduct of clinical research. His long-term goal is to develop a high-quality research program integrating human psychopharmacology, neuro-imaging, and treatment development. Education: Through didactics, directed readings, and literature review authorship, Dr. McClernon will gain a background in general psychopharmacology with special emphases on brain reward pathways and nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) systems. Local and offsite tutorials in advanced functional neuro-imaging topics and behavioral pharmacology research will be conducted. Additional training in clinical research program development, grantsmanship, and ethics will also be acquired. Research: Despite intensive health education, public policy, and clinical interventions, 23% of the adult U.S. population continues to smoke, and many who quit find remaining abstinent difficult. Recent evidence suggests that the maintenance of smoking behavior and failure to remain abstinent after quitting may be due in part to prolonged disturbances of cognitive functioning following quitting in many smokers. However, the neurobiological bases of these disturbances are not well understood. Thus, in his research project, Dr. McClernon will evaluate the effects of tobacco abstinence on sustained attention-a cognitive function mediated via cholinergic pathways-using fMRI methodology. Environment: DUMC provides a unique environment in which all of Dr. McClernon's career development goals can be accomplished. He has access to 1) state-of-the-art, research-dedicated functional neuro-imaging facilities, 2) graduate level courses in pharmacology and clinical research, and 3) consultants in a broad range of fields. Dr. McClernon will continue to administer current awards and compete for additional extramural funding while he completes the goals of the application.

描述（由申请人提供）： 候选人：F。Joseph McClernon博士是杜克大学医学中心（DUMC）精神病学和行为科学系的研究助理。他的主要兴趣是吸烟在人类中吸烟的认知，行为和情感影响，包括渴望，戒断和戒烟。接受了临床心理学和心理生理学的培训，他的直接目标是获得1）行为药理学的深入培训，2）现代神经成像技术的技能，以及3）在负责任的临床研究中进行培训。他的长期目标是制定一项融合人类心理药理，神经模仿和治疗发展的高质量研究计划。教育：通过教学，定向阅读和文献综述的作者身份，麦克伦农博士将获得一般心理药理学的背景，并特别强调大脑奖励途径和烟碱乙酰胆碱受体（NACHR）系统。将进行高级功能性神经成像主题和行为药理学研究中的本地和异地教程。还将获得有关临床研究计划开发，授予技巧和道德规范的其他培训。研究：尽管健康教育，公共政策和临床干预措施，但美国23％的美国人口仍在吸烟，许多辞职的人发现仍然避免了困难。最近的证据表明，戒烟后的吸烟行为和不戒酒的维持可能部分是由于许多吸烟者退出后的认知功能的长期障碍。但是，这些障碍的神经生物学基础尚不清楚。因此，在他的研究项目中，McClernon博士将评估戒烟对持续注意的持续注意的影响 - 通过胆碱能途径 - 使用fMRI方法介导的认知功能。环境：DUMC提供了一个独特的环境，其中所有麦克莱尔农博士的职业发展目标都可以实现。他可以使用1）最先进的，研究的功能性神经成像设施，2）药理学和临床研究的研究生水平课程，以及3）顾问在广泛的领域。 McClernon博士将继续管理当前奖项，并在完成该申请的目标时竞争额外的校外资金。