Studies on The Olfactory Cortex

嗅觉皮层的研究

• 批准号: 6778706
• 负责人: JOSEPH L PRICE
• 金额: $ 43.95万
• 依托单位: WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1976
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1976-09-01 至 2009-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6778706
• 关键词: Macaca; brain imaging /visualization /scanning; brain mapping; central neural pathway /tract; clinical research; frontal lobe /cortex; histology; human data; human tissue; immunocytochemistry; magnetic resonance imaging; mood disorders; neuronal transport; olfactory lobe; oligodendroglia; periaqueductal gray matter; positron emission tomography; prefrontal lobe /cortex; thalamic nuclei

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The long-term goal of this project is to define the functional organization of the ventromedial frontal cortex and related structures such as the temporal and insular cortex, and the relation of these circuits to mood disorders. Previous work defined two distinct "orbital" and "medial" networks of interconnected areas within the orbital and medial prefrontal cortex (OMPFC). Differential connections to sensory and visceral control structures, and other observations, suggest that the orbital network is a sensory system related to food and reward, while the medial network is a viscero-motor system related to emotion. In humans, the OMPFC has been implicated in mood disorders and other psychiatric conditions but it is not known to what degree these differentially affect the two prefrontal networks. These neural circuits will be studied both in macaque monkeys and in humans. An ongoing neuroanatomical analysis in monkeys of the relation of the orbital and medial prefrontal networks with the temporal lobe with multiple anterograde and retrograde axonal tracers will be continued, and extended to include an analysis of the insula. In addition a new project is proposed to analyze pathways from the periaqueductal gray and the intralaminar nuclei of the thalamus to the OMPFC. In humans, a recently completed architectonic analysis of the OMPFC will be extended to an analysis of the temporal pole, temporal cortex and insula. The variability within the architectonic map of the OMPFC between different subjects or from side-to-side of the same brain will also be studied, using recently enhanced software to produce three-dimensional reconstructions and unfolded cortical maps. The role of OMPFC in mood disorders will be studied in two ways. First, previous observations of glial decreases in mood disorders will be extended to include additional brains obtained from the NIMH brain bank (in collaboration with Drs. Joel Kleineman and Wayne Drevets at NIMH), and to confirm recent data that oligodendrocytes are the major glial type affected. Second, activity patterns from functional imaging scans (PET and fMRI) from controls and mood disorder subjects will be analyzed in relation to the architectonic areas of the OMPFC (in collaboration with Dr. Drevets), to determine which specific areas and networks are affected in these disorders.

描述（由申请人提供）：该项目的长期目标是定义腹内侧额叶皮层和相关结构（例如颞叶和岛叶皮层）的功能组织，以及这些回路与情绪障碍的关系。先前的工作定义了眼眶和内侧前额叶皮层（OMPFC）内相互连接区域的两个不同的“眼眶”和“内侧”网络。与感觉和内脏控制结构的差异连接以及其他观察表明，眼眶网络是与食物和奖励相关的感觉系统，而内侧网络是与情绪相关的内脏运动系统。在人类中，OMPFC 与情绪障碍和其他精神疾病有关，但尚不清楚这些疾病对两个前额叶网络的影响程度有多大。这些神经回路将在猕猴和人类身上进行研究。将继续使用多个顺行和逆行轴突示踪剂对猴子进行神经解剖学分析，分析眼眶和内侧前额叶网络与颞叶的关系，并扩展到包括岛叶的分析。此外，还提出了一个新项目来分析从导水管周围灰质和丘脑层内核到 OMPFC 的通路。在人类中，最近完成的 OMPFC 架构分析将扩展到颞极、颞皮层和岛叶的分析。还将研究不同受试者之间或同一大脑的左右两侧 OMPFC 架构图的变异性，使用最近增强的软件来生成三维重建和展开的皮质图。 OMPFC 在情绪障碍中的作用将通过两种方式进行研究。首先，之前对情绪障碍中神经胶质细胞减少的观察结果将扩展到包括从 NIMH 脑库获得的其他大脑（与 NIMH 的 Joel Kleineman 博士和 Wayne Drevets 博士合作），并证实最近的数据，即少突胶质细胞是主要的神经胶质细胞类型做作的。其次，将分析对照组和情绪障碍受试者的功能成像扫描（PET 和 fMRI）的活动模式与 OMPFC 的架构区域（与 Drevets 合作），以确定哪些特定区域和网络受到影响。这些疾病。