OLFACTORY CORTEX

嗅觉皮层

• 批准号: 2628242
• 负责人: JOSEPH L PRICE
• 金额: $ 29.9万
• 依托单位: WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1976
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1976-09-01 至 2003-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/2628242
• 关键词: Macaca fascicularis; amygdala; brain electrical activity; brain imaging /visualization /scanning; brain mapping; brain stem; central neural pathway /tract; computer simulation; frontal lobe /cortex; histochemistry /cytochemistry; histology; human tissue; hypothalamus; immunocytochemistry; innervation; limbic system; neuroanatomy; olfactory lobe; somesthetic sensory cortex; stereotaxic techniques; thalamic nuclei

The proposed project will build on the progress that has been made during the past grant periods in the analysis of connectional networks that link architectonic areas of the orbital and medial prefrontal cortex (OMPFC) in monkeys. The areas within these orbital and medial networks have differential connections both with other cortical areas and with subcortical structures such as the thalamus, amygdala, hypothalamus and periaqueductal gray. In humans, positron emission tomography (PET) studies indicate that the areas of the OMPFC have abnormal levels of activity in psychiatric disorders such as unipolar and bipolar depression. In the next grant period the further connections of the networks of the OMPFC with cortical areas in the dorsolateral PFC and the temporal cortex will be defined in monkeys with anterograde axonal tracers injections into the target structures. Connections from the medial and orbital networks to the striatum will also be defined in the same experiments, and in experiments with retrograde axonal tracers injected into the accumbens and caudate nuclei and the putamen. In order to correlate the observations in monkeys with imaging studies in humans, the architectonic areas that have been identified in monkeys will be defined in human brains, using the multiple staining methods that were used in monkeys. The monkey and human maps will be further correlated with the aid of computer generated unfolded maps of the frontal lobe. The role of the human OMPFC in clinical depression will be further studied in two projects. In the first, autopsy brain tissue from control subjects or from subjects diagnosed with unipolar or bipolar depression or schizophrenia will be studies to determine cortical volume and cell number in the defined architectonic areas in the subgenual or medical orbital cortex. In the second, architectonic areas will be outlined on MRI images of brains from depressed or control suects that were previously studied with PET. By correlating the PET and MRI images, levels of metabolic and synaptic activity can be determined within the defined architectonic areas as a function of unipolar or bipolar depression.

拟议项目将建立在已取得进展的基础上 在过去的资助期间对连接网络的分析 连接眼眶和内侧前额叶的结构区域 猴子的皮层（OMPFC）。 这些眼眶和内侧区域 网络与其他皮质区域有不同的连接 以及皮质下结构，如丘脑、杏仁核， 下丘脑和导水管周围灰质。 在人类中，正电子发射 断层扫描 (PET) 研究表明 OMPFC 的区域 精神疾病（例如单相情感障碍）的活动水平异常 和双相抑郁症。 在下一个资助期内，进一步 OMPFC 网络与皮质区域的连接 背外侧 PFC 和颞叶皮层将在猴子中定义 顺行轴突示踪剂注射到目标结构中。 从内侧和眼眶网络到纹状体的连接将 也可以在相同的实验中定义，并且在实验中 逆行轴突示踪剂注入伏隔核和尾状核 和壳核。 为了将猴子的观察结果与 人类成像研究，建筑领域 在猴子中识别出的基因将在人脑中被定义，使用 用于猴子的多种染色方法。 猴子和 人类地图将在计算机生成的帮助下进一步关联 展开的额叶地图。 人类 OMPFC 在以下方面的作用 临床抑郁症将在两个项目中进一步研究。 在 首先，尸检来自对照受试者或受试者的脑组织 被诊断患有单相或双相抑郁症或精神分裂症的人将 确定定义的皮质体积和细胞数量的研究 膝下或医学眶皮层的结构区域。 在 其次，将在大脑 MRI 图像上勾画出结构区域 来自先前使用 PET 研究过的抑郁症或对照受试者。 通过关联 PET 和 MRI 图像，代谢和突触水平 活动可以在定义的架构区域内确定为 单相或双相抑郁症的功能。