Mitigating the effects of climate change, emerging disease and invasive species on native amphibian populations in the UK

减轻气候变化、新出现的疾病和入侵物种对英国本土两栖动物种群的影响

基本信息

批准号：
2274153
负责人：
金额：
--
依托单位：
Plymouth University
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Studentship
财政年份：
2019
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2019 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2274153
关键词：
Mitigating effects climate change emerging

项目摘要

Amphibians are the most threatened group of vertebrates, with global declines driven by and associated with emerging infectious disease, invasive species and climate change (North et al. 2015; O'Hanlon et al. 2018; Pounds et al. 2006). Two emerging infectious diseases severely impacting amphibian populations are chytridiomycosis, caused by a novel lineage of the fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd; O'Hanlon et al. 2018), and ranavirosis, caused by a group of viruses from the Iridoviridae family (Price et al. 2014). To mitigate emerging disease-driven amphibian declines, we need to understand host-pathogen interactions. Key to pathogen success are reservoir hosts which serve as a pathogen source, but do not develop any signs of the diseases (Garner 2018). These reservoir host are a consistent source of the infective stage of pathogens when the susceptible amphibian host populations decline and are pushed towards extinction; in many cases these reservoir hosts are invasive amphibian species. Wales, UK, has an ideal amphibian system to study these host-pathogen interactions, with both native, declining populations of amphibians as well as newly discovered smooth and alpine newts, which are an invasive species to the area. Climate change has already affected ranavirus disease dynamics in wild frogs, but it is currently unknown how future changes will affect disease dynamics in other hosts, or how amphibian community composition will impact outcomes (Price et al. 2018).

两栖动物是受威胁最严重的脊椎动物群体，全球数量下降的原因是新出现的传染病、入侵物种和气候变化，并与之相关（North 等人，2015 年；O'Hanlon 等人，2018 年；Pounds 等人，2006 年）。严重影响两栖动物种群的两种新出现的传染病是壶菌病，由一种新的真菌 Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis 谱系引起（Bd；O'Hanlon 等人，2018 年）；以及蛙病毒病，由虹彩病毒科的一组病毒引起（Price 等人） 2014）。为了缓解新出现的疾病驱动的两栖动物数量下降的情况，我们需要了解宿主与病原体的相互作用。病原体成功的关键是储存宿主，它作为病原体来源，但不会出现任何疾病迹象（Garner 2018）。当易感两栖动物宿主种群减少并濒临灭绝时，这些储存宿主是病原体感染阶段的一致来源；在许多情况下，这些储存宿主是入侵的两栖动物物种。英国威尔士拥有一个理想的两栖动物系统来研究这些宿主与病原体的相互作用，其中包括本地两栖动物数量不断减少的两栖动物以及新发现的平滑蝾螈和高山蝾螈，这些蝾螈是该地区的入侵物种。气候变化已经影响了野生青蛙的蛙病毒疾病动态，但目前尚不清楚未来的变化将如何影响其他宿主的疾病动态，或者两栖动物群落组成将如何影响结果（Price et al. 2018）。