The 2-dimensional to 3-dimensional growth transition in Physcomitrella patens

小立碗藓 (Physcomitrella patens) 的 2 维到 3 维生长转变

• 批准号: 2270227
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of Oxford
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Studentship
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2019 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=studentship-2270227
• 关键词: dimensional; growth; transition; Physcomitrella; patens

An important event in evolutionary history was the colonisation of the land by plants. In the charophyte green algae, the sister group of land plants, growth occurs from apical initial cells with only one or two cutting faces, producing simple forms. The movement from water to land was accompanied by the acquisition of apical initial cells that could cleave in three planes. 3-dimensional (3D) growth is thus a defining feature of all land plants, which underpins structurally complex biomes that form the foundation of important terrestrial ecosystems. The onset of 3D growth in flowering plants occurs during embryogenesis. For this reason, flowering plants such a Arabidopsis thaliana cannot easily be exploited to investigate the genetic basis of 3D growth. However, it is possible to genetically dissect 3D growth in the model moss Physcomitrella patens, an extant representative of one of the earliest diverging land plant lineages. In P. patens, a 2-dimensional (2D) growth phase precedes 3D growth initiation and this 2D phase can be maintained indefinitely. Consequently, forward genetics can be used to create viable 3D-defective mutants in P. patens and a somatic hybidisation based approach can then be used to identify causative mutations, and help elucidate the underlying regulatory networks underpinning 3D growth in plants. It was previously shown that the NO GAMETOPHORES 1 (PpNOG1) gene is essential for 3D growth in P. patens. The aim of this project is to perform further functional characterisation of PpNOG1 in P. patens, and through a comparative approach, in A. thaliana. The first strand of the project will determine the PpNOG1 interaction partners. Next, the function of NOG1 in A. thaliana will be explored. Additionally, the project will examine the effect of PpNOG1 on cell division planes and investigate phytohormone signalling during the transition to 3D growth. Finally, transcriptomics will be used to glean a full picture of how the 3D-defective mutants Ppnog1 & 2 differ transcriptionally from wild type.

进化史上的一个重要事件是植物在陆地上的殖民。在轮藻类绿藻（陆地植物的姊妹类群）中，生长是从只有一个或两个切割面的顶端初始细胞开始的，产生简单的形式。从水到陆地的移动伴随着顶端初始细胞的获得，这些细胞可以在三个平面上分裂。因此，3 维 (3D) 生长是所有陆地植物的一个决定性特征，它支撑着结构复杂的生物群落，构成重要陆地生态系统的基础。开花植物的 3D 生长发生在胚胎发生过程中。因此，拟南芥等开花植物不能轻易用于研究 3D 生长的遗传基础。然而，可以对苔藓模型小立碗藓（Physcomitrella patens）中的 3D 生长进行基因剖析，这是最早分化的陆地植物谱系之一的现存代表。在 P. patens 中，二维 (2D) 生长阶段先于 3D 生长启动，并且该 2D 阶段可以无限期地维持。因此，正向遗传学可用于在 P. patens 中创建可行的 3D 缺陷突变体，然后可使用基于体细胞杂交的方法来识别致病突变，并帮助阐明支撑植物 3D 生长的潜在调控网络。之前的研究表明，NO 配子体 1 (PpNOG1) 基因对于 P. patens 的 3D 生长至关重要。该项目的目的是通过比较方法，在拟南芥中对 PpNOG1 进行进一步的功能表征。该项目的第一部分将确定 PpNOG1 交互合作伙伴。接下来，将探讨NOG1在拟南芥中的功能。此外，该项目还将检查 PpNOG1 对细胞分裂平面的影响，并研究向 3D 生长过渡期间的植物激素信号传导。最后，转录组学将用于全面了解 3D 缺陷突变体 Ppnog1 和 2 在转录上与野生型的差异。