Inhalant Abuse and Dependence

吸入滥用和依赖性

• 批准号: 6687562
• 负责人: TY A RIDENOUR
• 金额: $ 28.35万
• 依托单位: PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY, THE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2002
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2002-09-22 至 2005-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6687562
• 关键词: adolescence (12-20); aerosols; behavioral /social science research tag; clinical research; disease /disorder onset; drug addiction; drug withdrawal; gas; human subject; inhalation drug abuse; inhalation drug administration; interview; nitrites; psychological tests; psychometrics; solvents; substance abuse epidemiology; substance abuse related behavior; young adult human (21-34)

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Ongoing surveillance studies consistent suggest that inhalants are the fourth most prevalently used psychoactive substance. Inhalants are unique among drugs of abuse because they are legal for all ages, easily accessible, and inexpensive. Moreover, the immediate medical consequences of inhalant use, including respiratory problems, damage to the liver, heart, or brain, and even death, can be much more severe than the more prevalently used substances: tobacco, alcohol, and marijuana. Surveillance data indicate that inhalants generally are first used at a young age (consistently nearly 20% of 8th graders surveyed in the Monitoring the Future study report having used inhalants), suggesting that inhalant use may play a developmental role in use of other substances such as cocaine or opiates. Relative to other substances, however, very little is known about inhalant use and even less is known about inhalant abuse and dependence. Such data are critical to a relevant public health response and prevention efforts directed at inhalant misuse. For illustration, although a withdrawal syndrome for inhalants is absent from the DSM-IV, preliminary data collected in our laboratory suggest that inhalant withdrawal is experienced by some inhalant users. We propose to develop Substance Abuse Module (SAM) questions specifically for the different types of inhalants (solvents, aerosols, gases, and nitrites) and to quantitatively estimate the psychometrics of a general inhalants category of abuse and dependence diagnoses, preliminarily study separate diagnoses for the different types of inhalants, investigate the occurrence of inhalant use-related abuse and dependence among users of inhalants, qualitatively explore the experiences of inhalant users relevant to their inhalant use (e.g., how did they learn about inhalants, did their inhalant use lead to trying other drugs), and to explore qualitatively parents' and health care professionals' knowledge of inhalants, consequences of use, and efforts to warn children of this danger. We also will study the comorbidity and age-of-onset of other substance use-related disorders among inhalant users. We proposed to address these issues by reanalyzing the WHO/NIDA/NIAAA Reliability and Validity of Substance Use Disorders data, conducting focus groups, and conducting a test-retest-validity study of abuse and dependence disorders in older adolescent and young adult inhalant users with questions regarding specific types of inhalants.

描述（由申请人提供）：正在进行的监视研究一致地表明，吸入剂是第四种最普遍使用的精神活性物质。吸入剂在滥用药物中是独一无二的，因为它们在所有年龄段的年龄都合法，易于使用且价格便宜。此外，吸入使用的直接医疗后果，包括呼吸道问题，肝脏，心脏或大脑甚至死亡的损害，可能比更普遍使用的物质要严重得多：烟草，酒精和大麻。监视数据表明，吸入剂通常首先是在年轻时使用的（在监测未来的研究报告中，始终将近20％的8年级学生使用吸入剂），这表明吸入剂使用可能在使用其他物质（例如可卡因或鸦片）中发挥发展作用。然而，相对于其他物质，对吸入的使用知之甚少，甚至对吸入滥用和依赖性知之甚少。这些数据对于针对吸入滥用的相关公共卫生响应和预防工作至关重要。为了说明，尽管DSM-IV缺乏吸入剂的戒断综合征，但我们实验室中收集的初步数据表明，某些吸入使用者会经历吸入戒断。我们建议针对不同类型的吸入剂（溶剂，气溶胶，气体和亚硝酸盐）特别开发药物滥用模块（SAM）问题，并定量估计滥用和依赖性诊断的一般吸入剂类别的精神分解，从而在自前诊断中分开了滥用诊断，并研究了依赖性的不同类型的诊断，并在依赖性中进行了依赖性的诊断。定性地探索吸入用户与吸入剂使用相关的经验（例如，他们如何学习吸入剂，吸入剂的使用导致了其他药物的尝试），并探索了定性父母和医疗保健专业人员对吸入剂的了解，使用的后果以及警告儿童这种危险的危险。我们还将研究吸入用户中其他与物质使用相关疾病的合并症和发病率。我们建议通过重新分析物质使用障碍数据的WHO/NIDA/NIAAA可靠性和有效性，进行焦点小组以及对年长的青少年和年轻成人吸收性用户的虐待和依赖性疾病进行测试 - 重新测试效率研究，并具有有关特定类型的吸入剂的问题。