NEURAL ORGANIZATION OF THE INNER RETINA

视网膜内层的神经组织

基本信息

批准号：
6350846
负责人：
DENNIS MICHAEL DACEY
金额：
$ 24.66万
依托单位：
UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
1986
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
1986-02-01 至 2004-01-31
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

The long term goal is to understand the structure and function of the diverse ganglion cell types in human and macaque retina and the cellular mechanisms and circuits that give rise to parallel visual pathways. Our specific goals for the next period are to determine the origin and mechanisms of separate blue/yellow and red/green color opponent pathways. A unique in vitro preparation of the intact macaque monkey retina will be used to record intracellularly form anatomically identified ganglion and amacrine cell types. The proposed research has four specific aims: 1) to determine the locus and cellular mechanisms for blue/yellow spectral oppenency in the small bistratified ganglion cell type. We will test the novel hypothesis that blue-ON/yellow-OFF spectral antagonism derives from combined excitatory ON- and OFF-pathway cone bipolar inputs to the bistratified dendritic tree. 2) To determine the locus and retinal mechanism for red-green spectral opponency in the midget ganglion cell type. We will test the hypothesis that the relative weightings of L- and M-cone input to the excitatory center and inhibitory surround of the midget ganglion cell type determines the presence and degree of red/green opponent signals. 3) To measure the color opponent and non-opponent properties of the newly identified ganglion cell types that project to the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN). We will characterize in detail the morphology and physiology of novel ganglion cell types that project to the LGN and determine their roles in color-opponent and non-opponent pathways to primary visual cortex. Tracer injection will be made into physiologically identified sites in the LGN and retrogradely labelled ganglion cells will be targeted for intracellular recording and analysis in the in vitro retina. 4) To determine the light responses and functional cone connections of identified amacrine cell types in macaque. We will continue our analysis of primate amacrine cell physiology and test the hypothesis that distinctive small-field cell types contribute to blue/yellow, red/green and non-opponent cone signal pathways. Many aspects of macaque vision and visual pathway organization are comparable to the human counterpart; our results therefore will contribute to the best and most detailed structure-function model of the cell types and functional architecture of the human retina. Primate retinal cell types have traditionally been inaccessible to physiological analysis and their functional significance and relevance to human retinal disease and visual disorders have remain unexplored. Taken together, the proposed projects will contribute to clarifying the retinal origins and circuits for color-opponent pathways, the evolution of color vision in primates, the cellular basis for psychophysical measures of human color vision and mechanisms by which retinal disease affects human color vision.

长期目标是了解结构和功能人类和猕猴视网膜中的多种神经节细胞类型和细胞产生平行视觉通路的机制和电路。我们的下一阶段的具体目标是确定起源和单独的蓝色/黄色和红色/绿色对手的机制途径。完整猕猴的独特体外制备视网膜将用于记录细胞内的解剖结构确定了神经节细胞和无长突细胞类型。拟议的研究有四个具体目标： 1) 确定蓝/黄的位点和细胞机制小双层神经节细胞类型的光谱开放性。我们将测试蓝色开启/黄色关闭光谱拮抗的新假设源自组合的兴奋性开路和关路锥双极输入到双层树突树。 2）确定红绿光谱的轨迹和视网膜机制侏儒神经节细胞类型的对手。我们将检验假设 L-和M-锥体输入到兴奋性的相对权重侏儒神经节细胞类型的中心和抑制周围确定红/绿对手信号的存在和程度。 3) 测量颜色的对手和非对手属性新发现的神经节细胞类型投射到外侧膝状核（LGN）。我们将详细描述形态和投射到 LGN 的新型神经节细胞类型的生理学和确定它们在颜色对手和非对手途径中的作用初级视觉皮层。示踪剂注射将制成 LGN 中生理学确定的位点并逆行标记神经节细胞将成为细胞内记录的目标体外视网膜分析。 4) 确定光响应和功能性锥体连接鉴定出猕猴的无长突细胞类型。我们将继续分析灵长类无长突细胞生理学的研究并检验以下假设：独特的小视野细胞类型有助于呈现蓝色/黄色、红色/绿色和非对手锥体信号通路。猕猴视觉和视觉通路组织的许多方面与人类相当；因此我们的结果将为最好和最详细的结构功能模型做出贡献人类视网膜的细胞类型和功能结构。灵长类动物传统上，生理学无法接触到视网膜细胞类型分析及其功能意义和与人类的相关性视网膜疾病和视觉障碍仍未得到探索。采取总之，拟议的项目将有助于澄清视网膜起源和颜色对抗通路的回路，进化灵长类动物的色觉，心理物理学的细胞基础人类色觉的测量和视网膜疾病的机制影响人类的色觉。