NEURAL ORGANIZATION OF THE INNER RETINA

视网膜内层的神经组织

• 批准号: 2331626
• 负责人: DENNIS MICHAEL DACEY
• 金额: $ 19.81万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1986
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1986-02-01 至 1999-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/2331626
• 关键词: Macaca fascicularis; Macaca mulatta; Macaca nemestrina; amacrine cells; cell type; cone cell; dendrites; electron microscopy; fluorescent dye /probe; human tissue; immunocytochemistry; lateral geniculate body; morphology; neural information processing; neuroanatomy; neurophysiology; retinal bipolar neuron; retinal ganglion; stainings; synapses; visual pathways

The long term objective is to understand the structure and function of human and macaque monkey retinal ganglion cells and the neural basis for parallel chromatic and achromatic signal pathways through the inner retina. Major gaps exist in our understanding of the functional organization of the primate retina. Little is known of the relationship between the anatomy and physiology of the major cell types or about the retinal circuitry that links cone photoreceptors to ganglion cell types. More crucially, detailed knowledge of human retinal cell types is also extremely limited, lagging far behind a rapidly growing understanding of macaque retinal neurons. In each case major technical problems in working with the primate and human retina have been difficult to overcome. Experiments outlined in this proposal address each of these problems, applying new techniques developed in the previous project period to both macaque and human retina. The following specific aims are proposed: 1) To complete the first detailed analysis of the dendritic morphologies and spatial densities of human retinal ganglion cell types by using intracellular injection techniques in a new in vitro preparation of the intact human retina. 2) To directly determine the light responses of morphologically identified ganglion cell types in a new in vitro preparation of the macaque retina, specifically testing the hypothesis that the major ganglion cell types of the retinogeniculate pathway, the midget, small bistratified and parasol ganglion cells correspond respectively to the red-green, blue-ON and phasic, non-opponent cell types. 3) To determine the links between three identified cone bipolar cell types the (flat midget bipolar, the B3 diffuse bipolar and the blue cone bipolar) and the three major ganglion cell types, by combining selective immunostaining of bipolar cells with intracellular staining of ganglion cells. 4) To determine the chromatic identity of cone bipolar synaptic input to midget ganglion cell dendritic trees y combining electron microscopic, serial section reconstruction of bipolar contacts onto the dendrites of physiologically identified midget ganglion cells. Correlating the anatomy, physiology and cone bipolar connections for the major primate ganglion cell types will contribute to our understanding of the neural basis for the chromatic and achromatic visual pathways. The first detailed characterization of the human ganglion cell types will also contribute to understanding the neural basis of human visual performance and the cellular basis of retinal diseases, such as glaucoma, that effect cells of the inner retina.

长期目标是了解结构和功能 人类和猕猴视网膜神经节细胞及其神经基础 平行的彩色和消色差信号通路通过内部 视网膜。 我们对职能组织的理解存在重大差距 灵长类动物的视网膜。 人们对两者之间的关系知之甚少 主要细胞类型或视网膜的解剖学和生理学 将视锥细胞感光器与神经节细胞类型连接起来的电路。 更多的 至关重要的是，对人类视网膜细胞类型的详细了解也 极其有限，远远落后于快速增长的理解 猕猴视网膜神经元。 在每种情况下主要技术问题 与灵长类动物和人类视网膜一起工作一直很困难 克服。 本提案中概述的实验解决了这些问题中的每一个， 将上一个项目期间开发的新技术应用于两者 猕猴和人类的视网膜。 提出以下具体目标： 1）完成树突形貌的第一次详细分析 和人类视网膜神经节细胞类型的空间密度 细胞内注射技术在新型体外制剂中的应用 完整的人类视网膜。 2) 直接测定形态学上的光响应 在一种新的体外制剂中鉴定出神经节细胞类型 猕猴视网膜，专门测试了主要的假设 视网膜原化途径的神经节细胞类型，侏儒，小 双层神经节细胞和伞神经节细胞分别对应于 红-绿、蓝-ON 和阶段性、非对手细胞类型。 3) 确定三个已识别的锥双极细胞之间的联系 类型（扁平侏儒双极、B3 扩散双极和蓝色锥体 双极）和三种主要神经节细胞类型，通过结合选择性 双极细胞免疫染色和神经节细胞内染色 细胞。 4) 确定视锥双极突触输入的色彩特性 侏儒神经节细胞树突树 y 结合电子显微镜， 双极接触到树突的连续截面重建 生理学鉴定的侏儒神经节细胞。 关联解剖学、生理学和视锥双极连接 主要灵长类神经节细胞类型将有助于我们的理解 彩色和非彩色视觉通路的神经基础。 人类神经节细胞类型的首次详细表征将 也有助于理解人类视觉的神经基础 视网膜疾病的表现和细胞基础，例如青光眼， 影响内视网膜细胞。