Psychopathology and emotional response

精神病理学和情绪反应

• 批准号: 6347653
• 负责人: CHRISTOPHER JOHN PATRICK
• 金额: $ 10.99万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2000
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2000-09-01 至 2001-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6347653
• 关键词: antisocial personality; attention; behavioral /social science research tag; cognition; emotions; evoked potentials; human subject; neural information processing; personality; psychophysiology; stimulus /response

The clinical syndrome of psychopathic personality offers an important model for studying the interplay between emotion and attention. Psychopathy is theorized to involve a disconnection between cognitive representations and affective response, and empirical studies have revealed abnormalities in fear reactivity and in attentional processing in psychopathic individuals. Recent research with male prisoners using a picture-viewing paradigm suggests that: (a) psychopaths have a higher than normal threshold for the transition from stimulus orienting to defense, such that (in relation to nonpsychopaths) an aversive foreground must be more intense to produce defensive activation and startle reflex potentiation, and (b) psychopaths show an absence of startle response differentiation between affective and neutral foregrounds early (i.e., 300 ms) after picture onset, suggesting a deficiency in motivated attention (Lang, Bradley, and Cuthbert, 1997). Drawing on recent developments in the use of startle and brain-ERP measures to index affect and attention during picture processing, a series of three experiments is proposed to directly test the hypothesis that psychopathy involves a heightened aversion threshold, and to examine the mediating role of attention in this affective deviation. To examine the generality of the phenomena under study participants will include female as well as male prisoners, and also nonprisoner men with personality traits of psychopathy. Study I compares the startle-probe reactions during aversive pictures of varying intensity in psychopathic and nonpsychopathic women offenders. Study II compares emotional activation and attention- allocation to pleasant and unpleasant pictures of varying intensity in college men either high or low in features of psychopathy, using startle and ERP measures. Study III examines brain and blink indices of early attentional processing of affective and neutral pictures in psychopathic, nonpsychopathic, and antisocial prisoner men. This research should contribute to our understanding of pathological processes underlying psychopathy, and also to a basic understanding of emotion- attention interactions and normal variations in personality and behavior.

精神病性格的临床综合征为研究情绪与注意力之间的相互作用提供了重要的模型。 理论上，精神病涉及认知表达和情感反应之间的脱节，经验研究表明，恐惧反应性和精神病患者的注意力处理异常。使用图片观看范式与男性囚犯的最新研究表明：（a）精神病患者的阈值高于正常阈值，从刺激到防御的过渡，因此（与非精神病患者相关的是厌恶的前景）必须更加强烈地产生防御性激活和启动反射式的反射性，并且（B）的抗病性差异（B）精神疾病（B）精神疾病（B）精神疾病（B）精神及其（B）心理变化（B）的差异（B） （即300毫秒）图片发作后，暗示着动机的注意力不足（Lang，Bradley和Cuthbert，1997年）。 借鉴了在图片处理过程中使用惊吓和脑部 - ERP措施来影响和注意力的最新发展，提出了一系列三个实验，以直接检验以下假设：精神病涉及加剧的厌恶阈值，并检查注意力偏离中注意力的中介作用。 为了研究研究参与者的现象的普遍性，参与者将包括女性和男性囚犯，以及具有精神病性格特征的非囚犯。 研究I比较了精神病和非精神病女性犯罪者强度不同的厌恶图片中的惊吓反应。 研究II将情绪激活和注意力分配与使用惊吓和ERP措施的高度或低调特征的大学生的愉快和不愉快的图片进行了比较。 研究III研究了精神病，非精神病和反社会囚犯的情感和中性图片的早期注意力处理的大脑和眨眼指数。 这项研究应有助于我们对精神病基础的病理过程的理解，以及对情绪相互作用的基本理解以及人格和行为的正常变化。