BIOMECHANICS OF FALLS AND FALL ARRESTS IN OLD ADULTS

老年人跌倒和防跌倒的生物力学

• 批准号: 6267577
• 负责人: ALBERT B SCHULTZ
• 金额: $ 16.87万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1998
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1998-05-01 至 1999-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6267577
• 关键词: accidental falls; age difference; balance; biomechanics; body physical activity; clinical research; electromyography; functional ability; gender difference; human old age (65+); human subject; limb movement; muscle strength; neuropsychological tests; neuropsychology; performance; statistics /biometry

Falls in the elderly are common and are hazardous. Almost one-third of a community-dwelling elderly, including many who are in good health, fall each year and more than five percent of those who fall experience fractures. This Project 3, Biomechanics of Falls And Fall Arrests in Old Adults, centrally focused on the biomechanics underlying the high incidence of falls and fall-related injuries among the elderly. Quantitative studies of performance of tasks that are time-critical and have high strength requirements (TC/HS tasks), representative of tasks that arise during near-falls and falls, will be conducted to test a series of hypotheses concerning age and gender differences in abilities to (1) stop suddenly while walking, (2) recover balance by taking a step rapidly, and (3) arrest a full fall by use of arms. Abilities of old, healthy and mostly physically-quite-active adults (OA) will be compared with those of health young adults (YA). Some slightly disabled OA will also be tested in stopping suddenly. The fundamental biochemical sources of those age differences will be sought, along with their neuropsychological correlates. The neuropsychological status of the subjects will be assessed. Body segment kinematics, myoelectric latencies and support surface reactions will be measured. Joint torques and torque rates will be computed. Responses will be analyzed using inverse-dynamics, and direct dynamics ("what if") models of two types: torque-data-driven and goal-driven. Understanding of the biomechanical and neuropsychological issues that this Project addresses will enable earlier and more focused detection of declines in mobility-related task capabilities. It will show what aspects of age declines in physical capabilities are truly critical to postural maintenance, balance recovery and the safe arrest of full fails. It thus will lead to improved assessment of risk for fall injuries and more- carefully-directed interventions.

老年人跌倒很普遍，很危险。几乎三分之一 社区居住的老年人，包括许多身体健康的人，跌倒 每年，跌倒经历的人中有百分之五于 断裂。这个项目3，《瀑布和秋季逮捕的生物力学》 成年人，集中于较高的生物力学 老年人跌倒和与跌倒有关的伤害的发生率。 定量研究对时间关键任务的执行和 有高强度要求（TC/HS任务），代表任务 将在近坠落和跌倒期间发生这种情况以测试一系列 关于年龄和性别差异的假设（1） 行走时突然停止，（2）迅速采取措施来恢复平衡， （3）通过使用武器逮捕全部跌落。旧，健康和 将大部分具有身体活跃的成年人（OA）与 健康年轻人（YA）。一些有些残疾的OA也将在 突然停下来。那些年龄的基本生化来源 将寻求差异，以及他们的神经心理学 相关。 将评估受试者的神经心理状况。身体 段运动学，肌电潜伏期和支持表面反应 将测量。将计算关节扭矩和扭矩速率。 将使用逆动力学和直接动态分析响应 （“如果”）两种类型的模型：扭矩-DATA驱动和目标驱动。 了解这是生物力学和神经心理学问题 项目地址将使更早的，更集中于 与移动相关的任务功能下降。它将显示哪些方面 体育能力的年龄下降对姿势确实至关重要 维护，平衡恢复和安全逮捕完全失败。这样 将导致对秋季伤害风险的评估和更多的评估 精心指导的干预措施。