BIOMECHANICS OF POSTURAL MAINTENANCE IN OLD ADULTS

老年人姿势维持的生物力学

• 批准号: 6234393
• 负责人: ALBERT B SCHULTZ
• 金额: $ 5.29万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1997
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1997-06-01 至 1998-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6234393
• 关键词: Parkinson's disease; accidental falls; age difference; ankle; balance; biomechanics; body physical characteristic; electromyography; foot; functional ability; human old age (65+); human subject; human very old age (85+); joints; knee; limb movement; mathematical model; muscle strength; musculoskeletal system; neuropsychological tests; neuropsychology; performance; posture; proprioception /kinesthesia; statistics /biometry; vestibular pathway; vision; young adult human (21-34)

Falls in the elderly are common and are hazardous. Almost one-third of community-dwelling persons 75 or more years old fall each year and more than five percent of those who fall experience fractures. The tendencies of old adults to fall is associated with increases in their postural sway. Both fall and postural sway responses, regardless of underlying psychological, neurological or musculoskeletal disorders, can be quantified in biomechanical terms. Continuation is proposed of research to examine the response biomechanics of the musculoskeletal system in the arrest of impending falls and the maintenance of standing postural balance in the presence of perturbations. Various disturbances of standing posture will be imposed. Sway reactions and stepping reactions will result. Body segment kinematics, myoelectric activities and support surface reactions will be measured. Joint torques will be computed through biomechanical model analyses. The overall objectives of Project 4 are to quantify differences in disturbance response biomechanics among healthy young and old adults and mobility-impaired old adults both with and without Parkinson's Disease. The proposed research will seeks specific biomechanical sources of those differences and relate them to the biomechanical and neuropsychological outcome measures obtained by other Program units. We will test a number of hypotheses concerning these differences. Understanding of how responses to postural perturbations are affected by natural aging, by neuropsychological status and by impairment will enable earlier and more precise detection of declines in mobility-related task performance capabilities. It will show what aspects of impairment are truly critical to postural maintenance in the presence of disturbances and thus lead to improved assessment and intervention.

老年人跌倒很普遍，很危险。 几乎三分之一 每年有75岁或更多年龄的社区居住人员，更多 跌倒的人中有5％的骨折。 倾向 老年人跌倒与姿势增加有关 摇摆。 无论基础如何 心理，神经系统或肌肉骨骼疾病可以是 用生物力学术语进行量化。 提出了研究的延续来检查反应生物力学 肌肉骨骼系统在逮捕即将来临的瀑布和 在存在的情况下维持站立姿势平衡 扰动。 站立姿势的各种干扰将被施加。 会导致摇摆反应和垫脚反应。 身体细分市场 运动学，肌电活动和支持表面反应将是 测量。 联合扭矩将通过生物力学模型计算 分析。 项目4的总体目标是量化 健康的年轻人和老年人和 有或没有帕金森氏病的流动性受损的老年人。 拟议的研究将寻求那些特定的生物力学来源 差异并将其与生物力学和神经心理学联系起来 其他计划单位获得的结果措施。 我们将测试一个数字 关于这些差异的假设。 了解对姿势扰动的反应如何受到 自然衰老，通过神经心理学地位和受损害，将实现 早期，更精确地检测与移动相关的任务下降 性能功能。 它将显示损害的哪些方面 在存在干扰的情况下，对于姿势维持确实至关重要 从而导致改进的评估和干预。