Age Related Changes in Posture and Movement

与年龄相关的姿势和运动变化

• 批准号: 6987329
• 负责人: MARJORIE HINES WOOLLACOTT
• 金额: $ 45.5万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF OREGON
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2005-09-15 至 2010-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6987329
• 关键词: accidental falls; age difference; aging; attention; balance; behavioral /social science research tag; body movement; clinical research; human old age (65+); human subject; physical therapy; posture; training; young adult human (21-34)

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Falls are the most significant cause of accidental death among older adults in the United States. Previous research from our lab as well as others has shown that stance balance control is significantly affected in balance-impaired older adults when simultaneously performing a secondary cognitive task. Most of the previous dual task research in balance impaired subjects has been limited to the study of balance control during stance; thus the effect of performing a secondary task on stability during challenges to gait is not known for this population. In light of results from research on stance balance control in balance impaired elders, one would predict that in this population, the ability to maintain stability during obstacle avoidance tasks in gait would be greatly decreased under dual task conditions. Specific Aim 1 examines the role of attention in postural recovery in the activity in which most falls occur, locomotion. Experiments are designed to determine the relative contributions of age (comparing young vs healthy older adults) and balance impairment (healthy vs balance impaired older adults) on balance during obstacle avoidance in dual task conditions. In addition experiments are designed to test three alternative hypotheses regarding the mechanisms contributing to age-related reductions in balance abilities in dual task situations: 1) reduced ability to allocate attention, 2) reduced general attentional capacity, or 3) postural deficits requiring increased attentional resources. Specific Aim 2 applies research on attentional demands of postural control to clinical methods for assessing and training stability in older adults. The first experiment is a longitudinal study to investigate the predictive capability of single versus dual task clinical measures of balance in identifying older adults who will develop balance problems within the next three years. The second experiment will compare the effects of single versus dual task training on stability in balance impaired older adults.

描述（由申请人提供）：跌倒是美国老年人意外死亡的最重要原因。我们实验室以及其他实验室的先前研究表明，在同时执行次级认知任务时，平衡障碍的老年人的立场平衡控制受到显着影响。以前的大多数双重任务研究在平衡受损的受试者中都仅限于在立场期间进行平衡控制的研究。因此，在步态挑战期间执行次要任务对稳定性的影响并不以此为名。鉴于对长者平衡控制的立场平衡控制的结果，人们将预测，在这一人群中，在双重任务条件下，在步态避免步态任务期间保持稳定性的能力将大大降低。 具体目标1检查了注意力在大多数跌倒发生的活动中的作用，运动。实验旨在确定年龄（比较年轻人与健康的老年人）和在双重任务条件下避免障碍期间平衡的相对贡献（比较年轻与健康的老年人）和平衡障碍（健康与平衡受损的老年人）。此外，实验旨在测试有关双重任务情况下与年龄相关的平衡能力降低的机制的三个替代假设：1）分配注意力的能力降低，2）降低一般注意力的能力，或者3）需要增加注意力资源的姿势缺陷。 具体目标2将姿势控制的注意力需求的研究应用于评估和训练稳定性的临床方法。第一个实验是一项纵向研究，旨在调查单个与双重任务临床临床衡量平衡度量的预测能力，以识别老年人在未来三年内将出现平衡问题。第二个实验将比较单个任务训练对平衡受损老年人稳定性的影响。