Age Related Changes in Posture and Movement

与年龄相关的姿势和运动变化

• 批准号: 7119215
• 负责人: MARJORIE HINES WOOLLACOTT
• 金额: $ 37.26万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF OREGON
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2005-09-15 至 2010-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7119215
• 关键词: accidental falls; age difference; aging; attention; balance; behavioral /social science research tag; body movement; clinical research; human old age (65+); human subject; physical therapy; posture; training; young adult human (21-34)

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Falls are the most significant cause of accidental death among older adults in the United States. Previous research from our lab as well as others has shown that stance balance control is significantly affected in balance-impaired older adults when simultaneously performing a secondary cognitive task. Most of the previous dual task research in balance impaired subjects has been limited to the study of balance control during stance; thus the effect of performing a secondary task on stability during challenges to gait is not known for this population. In light of results from research on stance balance control in balance impaired elders, one would predict that in this population, the ability to maintain stability during obstacle avoidance tasks in gait would be greatly decreased under dual task conditions. Specific Aim 1 examines the role of attention in postural recovery in the activity in which most falls occur, locomotion. Experiments are designed to determine the relative contributions of age (comparing young vs healthy older adults) and balance impairment (healthy vs balance impaired older adults) on balance during obstacle avoidance in dual task conditions. In addition experiments are designed to test three alternative hypotheses regarding the mechanisms contributing to age-related reductions in balance abilities in dual task situations: 1) reduced ability to allocate attention, 2) reduced general attentional capacity, or 3) postural deficits requiring increased attentional resources. Specific Aim 2 applies research on attentional demands of postural control to clinical methods for assessing and training stability in older adults. The first experiment is a longitudinal study to investigate the predictive capability of single versus dual task clinical measures of balance in identifying older adults who will develop balance problems within the next three years. The second experiment will compare the effects of single versus dual task training on stability in balance impaired older adults.

描述（由申请人提供）：跌倒是美国老年人意外死亡的最重要原因。我们实验室和其他实验室之前的研究表明，平衡受损的老年人在同时执行次要认知任务时，姿势平衡控制会受到显着影响。以往对平衡受损受试者的双重任务研究大多局限于站立时平衡控制的研究。因此，对于该人群来说，在步态挑战期间执行次要任务对稳定性的影响尚不清楚。根据对平衡障碍老年人站立平衡控制的研究结果，可以预测，该人群在双重任务条件下，在避障任务中保持步态稳定的能力会大大下降。 具体目标 1 检查注意力在大多数跌倒发生的活动（即运动）中的姿势恢复中的作用。实验旨在确定年龄（比较年轻人与健康老年人）和平衡障碍（健康与平衡受损老年人）在双重任务条件下避障过程中对平衡的相对贡献。此外，实验旨在测试关于双重任务情况下与年龄相关的平衡能力下降的机制的三种替代假设：1）分配注意力的能力下降，2）一般注意力能力下降，或3）需要增加注意力的姿势缺陷资源。 具体目标 2 将姿势控制的注意力需求研究应用于评估和训练老年人稳定性的临床方法。第一个实验是一项纵向研究，旨在调查单任务与双任务临床平衡测量的预测能力，以识别未来三年内将出现平衡问题的老年人。第二个实验将比较单任务训练与双重任务训练对平衡受损老年人稳定性的影响。