ELECTOPHYSIOLOGICAL STUDIES OF BRAIN DEVELOPMENT

大脑发育的电生理学研究

• 批准号: 6243564
• 负责人: DEBRA MILLS
• 金额: $ 12.73万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1997
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1997-05-01 至 1998-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6243564
• 关键词: Downs syndrome; Williams syndrome; adolescence (12-20); auditory stimulus; behavioral /social science research tag; brain electrical activity; brain injury; child psychology; clinical research; cognition; developmental neurobiology; early experience; electroencephalography; evoked potentials; form /pattern perception; human subject; language development; language disorders; longitudinal human study; middle childhood (6-11); neural information processing; neuropsychology; semantics; space perception; speech recognition; visual stimulus

Our broad goals in this research are to study the biological constraints and the role of experience in setting up functionally specialized neural systems in normal development and to study the nature and extent of changes in this process in cases of abnormal development. An important approach in this endeavor is to study changes in brain organization that occur as a function of chronological age and to contrast these with changes linked to specific abilities when age is held constant. The variability occurring in normal development provides one opportunity to address this issue. The study of abnormal development, as in the case of language impaired (LI) children, children with focal brain lesions (FL children) and children with Williams Syndrome, provides another opportunity to link specific changes in neural development with alterations in specific sensory and cognitive abilities. To this end we will record event-related potentials (ERPs) from over several brain regions making comparisons within and between the cerebral hemispheres in a series of studies designed to assess different aspects of sensory, language and cognitive processing. The specific aims of the proposed series of experiments ar to asses the hypotheses that (a) different neural systems mediate semantic and syntactic aspects of language processing from an early age, (b) neural systems important in grammatical processing are more vulnerable to early experience that are the systems that mediate semantic processing and these may be abnormally organized in language impaired children and FL children and Williams Syndrome; (c) abnormal organization of neural systems associated with processing rapidly presented auditory stimuli is linked with abnormal language acquisition in a subset of Li children, and may also be linked to the sparing of language in Williams Ss. (d) to determine whether the functional specializations of the right hemisphere for face recognition are preceded by and depend upon the development of left hemisphere specialization for language and so may be abnormally organized in children with abnormal language acquisition and (e) to examine the timing and organization of neural systems that mediate different aspects of visuo-spatial processing in populations of children who show selective deficits in processing local versus global properties of hierarchical forms.

我们这项研究的总体目标是研究生物限制 以及经验在建立功能专门化神经网络中的作用 系统正常发展并研究变化的性质和程度 在此过程中出现异常发育的情况。 一个重要的方法是 这项工作是研究大脑组织的变化 实际年龄的功能，并将其与相关的变化进行对比 年龄不变时的特定能力。 变化发生在 正常的发展为解决这一问题提供了机会。 这 研究异常发育，如语言障碍 (LI) 儿童、患有局灶性脑损伤的儿童（FL 儿童）和患有 威廉姆斯综合症，提供了另一个机会将特定的变化联系起来 神经发育伴随特定感觉和认知的改变 能力。 为此，我们将记录事件相关电位（ERP） 对几个大脑区域进行内部和之间的比较 一系列旨在评估不同大脑半球的研究 感觉、语言和认知处理方面。 具体目标 拟议的一系列实验旨在评估以下假设：(a) 不同的神经系统介导语言的语义和句法方面 从小就开始处理，（b）神经系统对语法很重要 处理更容易受到系统的早期经验的影响 调解语义处理，并且这些可能被异常地组织在 语言障碍儿童和 FL 儿童以及威廉姆斯综合症； (三) 与快速处理相关的神经系统的异常组织 呈现的听觉刺激与语言习得异常有关 黎族儿童的一个子集，也可能与语言的节约有关 在威廉姆斯SS。 (d) 确定职能专业化是否 面部识别的右半球先于并依赖于 左半球语言专业化的发展，因此可能 语言习得异常的儿童组织异常 (e) 检查调节神经系统的时间和组织 儿童群体视觉空间处理的不同方面 他们在处理本地与全球属性时表现出选择性缺陷 层次形式。