New International Collaborations for Atmospheric Ozone Research

大气臭氧研究的新国际合作

• 批准号: NE/M00581X/1
• 负责人: William Bloss
• 金额: $ 4.86万
• 依托单位: University of Birmingham
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2014 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FM00581X%2F1
• 关键词: New; International; Collaborations; Atmospheric; Ozone

Tropospheric ozone is an important air pollutant, harmful to human health, agricultural crops and vegetation. It is the main precursor to the atmospheric oxidants which initiate the degradation of most reactive gases emitted to the atmosphere, and is an important greenhouse gas in its own right. As a consequence of this central role in atmospheric chemistry and air pollution, the capacity to understand, predict and manage tropospheric ozone levels is a key goal for atmospheric science research. This goal is hard to achieve, as ozone is a secondary pollutant, formed in the atmosphere from the complex oxidation of VOCs in the presence of NOx and sunlight, and a combination of in situ chemical processes, deposition and transport govern ozone levels. Uncertainties in all of these factors affect the accuracy of numerical models used to predict current and future ozone levels, and so hinder development of optimal air quality policies to mitigate ozone exposure. The timescale of ozone chemistry leads to it being a transboundary pollutant, requiring international collaboration for both scientific understanding and the development of effective ozone pollution mitigation policies.Through ongoing NERC funding, we have developed a novel approach for the direct measurement of local chemical ozone production rates - a capability which avoids limitations inherent in emissions inventories and chemical mechanisms, and which explicitly distinguishes between the chemical and dynamical factors controlling local ozone production. Within this IOF project, we will develop a new collaboration with researchers from Mines Douai, Lille - the only other group in Europe with direct ozone production rate measurement capability - in support of exchanging expertise, leading to a formal intercomparison of the two instruments, in order to identify any "unknown unknowns" affecting the measurements differently, and permit an independent evaluation of the measurement accuracy and precision.We will then link with leading researchers in the US to perform a novel proof-of-concept demonstration of the application of multiple ozone production rate measurement instruments from different groups together. Within this pump-priming project, we will apply this approach to understand how ozone production varies in different forest types (different tree populations have different emission profiles for volatile organic compounds, which in turn affect ozone chemistry). We will use two locations at the University of Michigan Biological Station, one which reflects the contemporary (primarily deciduous) aspen woodland of the region, and one in which interventions have accelerated the forest succession towards a larger coniferous population (reflecting the anticipated evolution of forest population in this area). By performing simultaneous parallel ozone production rate measurements in these two locations, with all other factors (e.g. background air composition, meteorology) constant, the change in ozone chemistry anticipated from shifting forest tree population may be directly ascertained. This concept (combined simultaneous direct ozone production measurements) has scope for application in other scenarios, for example investigating the evolution in ozone chemistry downwind of an emission source (such as a major city), or in a UK context the changing ozone production as polluted European airmasses are advected over the British Isles - events such as the 2003 photochemical smog episode, which are predicted to occur with greater frequency in the future. The final component of this pump-priming project is to initiate a network between researchers with direct ozone production rate measurement capability internationally, in order to facilitate collaborations to apply this concept in the future.

对流层臭氧是一种重要的空气污染物，对人类健康，农作物和植被有害。它是大气氧化剂的主要前体，它引发了发射到大气的最具反应性气体的降解，并且本身就是重要的温室气体。由于这种核心在大气化学和空气污染中的核心作用，理解，预测和管理对流层臭氧水平的能力是大气科学研究的关键目标。这个目标很难实现，因为臭氧是一种二级污染物，在NOX和阳光下的VOC的复杂氧化以及原位化学过程，沉积和运输控制臭氧水平的结合中形成了大气中。所有这些因素的不确定性都会影响用于预测当前和未来臭氧水平的数值模型的准确性，从而阻碍了最佳空气质量政策的发展，以减轻臭氧暴露。臭氧化学的时间尺度导致它是一种跨界污染物，需要国际合作来进行科学理解和开发有效的臭氧污染缓解政策。通过进行的NERC资金，我们已经开发了一种新颖的方法，我们开发了一种新颖的方法，以直接测量本地化学臭氧的生产率和动力，以避免化学效果，以避免化学效果，从而避免了化学效果，而化学效果则是化学效果，而化学效果则是化学效果，而化学效果是置于化学效果的效果控制当地臭氧产生的因素。在这个IOF项目中，我们将与来自里尔矿业的研究人员建立新的合作，这是欧洲唯一具有直接的臭氧生产率测量能力的群体 - 支持交换专业知识，从而正式地对两种工具进行了分配，以便确定衡量标准的任何“未知数”，并允许对衡量的任何“未知数”的衡量，并允许衡量衡量的衡量范围，并准确地进行衡量的精度，并准确地掌握了精确的评估。对来自不同组的多个臭氧生产率测量工具的应用进行新颖的概念证明。在这个泵染色的项目中，我们将采用这种方法来了解不同森林类型的臭氧产量如何变化（不同的树群对挥发性有机化合物具有不同的排放曲线，从而影响臭氧化学）。我们将在密歇根大学生物站使用两个地点，一个地点反映了该地区的当代（主要是落叶）阿斯彭林地，其中一个干预措施加速了森林的继任，朝着更大的针叶树人口（反映了该地区森林人口的预期进化）。通过在这两个位置进行同时进行平行的臭氧生产率测量，以及所有其他因素（例如背景空气组成，气象学）常数，可以直接确定臭氧化学的变化。这个概念（合并的直接臭氧生产测量值）具有在其他情况下应用的范围，例如，调查了排放来源（例如主要城市）的臭氧化学的演变，或者在英国的情况下，在不断变化的欧洲污染的欧洲空气中，越来越多的欧洲空气量会在2003年的频率上进行频繁的事件。这个泵式项目的最终组成部分是在国际上启动具有直接臭氧生产率测量能力的研究人员之间的网络，以促进协作以将来应用此概念。