Integrated Research Observation System for Clean Air (OSCA)

清洁空气综合研究观测系统（OSCA）

基本信息

批准号：
NE/T001976/1
负责人：
William Bloss
金额：
$ 54.76万
依托单位：
University of Birmingham
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2019
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2019 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FT001976%2F1
关键词：
Integrated Research Observation System Clean

项目摘要

"Poor air quality is the largest environmental risk to Public Health in the UK" (DEFRA, 2017) and is consequently a focus of a range of regional and national policy interventions. However, since our transport systems, the way we heat our homes, our energy supply, our use of solvents and our agricultural systems are all changing, we know that profound changes in emissions and trends in air pollutants are likely in the coming years and indeed are already taking place. We need to understand our changing atmospheric composition, to ensure air quality policy has maximum benefit for the protection of human and environmental health.The Clean Air: Analysis and Solutions Programme identifies the need for new capability to predict future changes in the sources, emissions and atmospheric processes responsible for air pollution. The OSCA project addresses this need through a multidisciplinary research activity, combining state-of-the-science atmospheric observations, laboratory studies, new data processing tools and integrated scientific synthesis to deliver new understanding of urban air pollution. OSCA will:-Deliver improved quantification of emissions, combining lab measurements of brake & tyre wear sources, and measurements of the total fluxes of particulate matter (PM) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) from the BT Tower in London. Non-exhaust emissions comprise up to 70% of traffic-derived PM10, are poorly quantified, and whose relative importance will increase with UK fleet decarbonisation. Real-world emission measurements underpin air quality predictions and avoid dependence upon manufacturer data.-Provide a definitive, state-of-the-science assessment of UK urban air quality through exploitation of the new RCUK-funded urban air quality Supersites in London, Birmingham and Manchester to deliver comprehensive, continuous and long-term measurements of atmospheric composition. These data will characterise the changing UK pollution climate, identify subtle emission trends during implementation of regional air quality policies, and provide a key resource for evaluation of ongoing trends.-Develop new mathematical analyses to identify emergent trends / responses to policies and apply these alongside established methods to address key science uncertainties - e.g.: to assess the trends and changing sources of NO2; to provide definitive quantification of the contributions of non-exhaust traffic, woodsmoke and cooking activities to PM; to identify trends in and contributions to ammonia emissions; to identify changes VOC emissions - precursors to ozone formation.-Provide data and infrastructure to underpin the wider Clean Air Programme, including development and deployment of novel sensor networks (QUANT); data to validate models and health effect calculations (InSPIRE and DREaM); insight into air quality response to policy initiatives (ANTICIPATE); sensor testing and pollutant source identification (APEx).-Enable community mobilisation through intensive field campaigns, targeted at understanding the changing gas-phase reactivity climate of the UK atmosphere (which governs production of secondary PM and ozone), and the sources and chemical composition of atmospheric aerosols.OSCA findings will support policymakers through a range of established relationships the PIs already maintain. These include engagements within the supersite host cities, and links to relevant national bodies, including Defra, DfT, DoH, PHE and the EA. The OSCA deliverables provide important new data and novel scientific approaches central to the assessment of future changes in the sources, emissions and atmospheric processes governing air pollution in the UK - the core of WP1 of the Clean Air programme. OSCA is fully embedded into the wider programme, informing policy decisions, monitoring the impacts of decisions, and feeding public health research and outcomes.

“空气质量差是英国公共卫生最大的环境风险”（Defra，2017年），因此是一系列区域和国家政策干预措施的重点。但是，由于我们的运输系统，加热房屋的方式，能源供应，对溶剂的使用以及我们的农业系统都在变化，因此我们知道，空气污染物的排放和趋势的深刻变化可能在未来几年，而且确实已经在发生。我们需要了解不断变化的大气组成，以确保空气质量政策为保护人类和环境健康而具有最大的利益。清洁空气：分析和解决方案计划确定了需要预测导致空气污染的来源，排放和大气过程的未来变化的新能力。 OSCA项目通过多学科研究活动来满足这一需求，结合了科学大气观测，实验室研究，新的数据处理工具和综合科学综合，以提供对城市空气污染的新了解。 OSCA WIRL： - 付费改进的排放定量，结合了制动器和轮胎磨损来源的实验室测量，以及伦敦BT塔的颗粒物（PM）和二氧化氮（NO2）的总通量的测量。无需排放的排放量最多占交通衍生的PM10的70％，量化量很差，并且其相对重要性将随着英国车队脱碳而增加。实际的排放测量值是空气质量预测的基础，并避免依赖制造商数据。通过开发新的RCUK资助的Urban Air质量超级站点，对英国城市空气质量进行了确定的，最先进的评估，以提供伯明翰和曼彻斯特提供全面，连续和长期测量的大气组合。这些数据将表征不断变化的英国污染氛围，确定实施区域空气质量政策期间的细微排放趋势，并为评估正在进行的趋势进行评估的关键资源。开发新的数学分析，以确定对政策的新数学趋势 /响应，并将这些分析应用于既定科学的关键科学不确定性 - 例如，以评估趋势和更改的趋势2；提供明确的量化，对PM的非避孕，伍德斯莫克和烹饪活动的贡献；确定氨排放的趋势和贡献；确定VOC排放的变化 - 臭氧形成的前体。基于更广泛的清洁空气计划的基础架构，包括开发和部署新型传感器网络（QUANT）；数据以验证模型和健康效应计算（Inspire and Dream）；深入了解空气质量对政策计划的反应（预期）；传感器测试和污染物来源识别（APEX）。-通过密集的现场活动启用社区动员，旨在了解英国大气层的气相反应性气候不断变化的气氛（控制次级PM和Ozone的产生），以及大气中的源和化学组成，SSCA的发现将通过已建立的关系范围内的范围来支持PRESPIS范围内的piss范围。这些包括在超级寄宿城市中的订婚，以及与包括Defra，DFT，Doh，Phe和EA在内的相关国家机构的联系。 OSCA可交付成果提供了重要的新数据和新颖的科学方法，这是评估英国空气污染的来源，排放和大气过程的未来变化的核心 - 清洁空气计划的WP1的核心。 OSCA完全嵌入了更广泛的计划中，向政策决策提供了信息，监控决策的影响以及为公共卫生研究和成果提供喂养。