Integration of improved understanding of ecosystem service regulation into ERSEM model system

将加深对生态系统服务调节的理解纳入 ERSEM 模型系统

• 批准号: NE/L003147/1
• 负责人: Jason Holt
• 金额: $ 12.52万
• 依托单位: NATIONAL OCEANOGRAPHY CENTRE
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2014 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FL003147%2F1
• 关键词: Integration; improved; understanding; ecosystem; service

SummaryThe world's oceans and seas are home to highly diverse ecosystems and are characterised by the richness and abundance of species. Marine ecosystems provide a range of important services to mankind including food production, climate regulation through the cycling of carbon and other macronutrients, and a range of cultural values (e.g. recreation, tourism). They are in serious decline, primarily as a result of over-harvesting, pollution, and the direct and indirect impacts of climate change. In many locations, pressure from human activity and climatic changes have been associated with dramatic shifts in species composition, known as phase or regime shifts, which are often long lasting and difficult to reverse.Our understanding of the ecosystems of the UK's coastal and shelf seas is limited and many processes are poorly understood. For example changes in the physical and chemical environment (temperature, circulation, light availability, nutrients) mainly affect algal growth and thus impact the foodweb through bottom up control, whilst impacts such as harvesting act on fish which modify the biomass of lower trophic levels thus altering the controls from predation. However the relative roles of these processes and hence the extent to which environmental change cascades through marine food webs and affects ecosystem services requires elucidation. Our challenge is to further develop the existing ERSEM-NEMO modelling framework to better represent biodiversity-relevant processes, flows and feedbacks over a range of spatio-temporal scales, and to be able to model changes in function and the consequences of such changes in the context of ecosystem services. Furthermore these modelling tools need to be suitable for testing the impact of potential management solutions, such as marine conservation zones, on the structure and function of marine food webs across scales, and to explore the efficacy of specific indicators of good environmental status. A big challenge in modelling marine ecosystems is to capture the hierarchical nature of biodiversity and hence to explore a range of scales. This requires a scalable model system, with a traceable hierarchy whereby more complex foodweb structures can be systematically and coherently related to simple foodweb structures. The project will provide new modelling tools which provide estimates of crucial information to help resolve key scientific questions as well as provide a better understanding of the marine ecosystems as they respond to global change and direct anthropogenic pressures. The combination of predictive tools and new knowledge will underpin the development and implementation of marine policy and the implementation of marine forecast systems.

总结世界的海洋和海洋是高度多样化的生态系统的家园，其特征是物种的丰富性和丰富性。海洋生态系统为人类提供了一系列重要服务，包括粮食生产，通过碳和其他大量营养素的循环以及一系列文化价值（例如娱乐，旅游业）来调节气候调节。它们处于严重下降的速度，主要是由于气候变化的过度收获，污染以及直接和间接影响。在许多地方，人类活动和气候变化的压力与物种组成的急剧变化有关，该物种组成（称为阶段或政权转移）通常持续持久且难以逆转。是有限的，许多过程对此很了解。例如，物理和化学环境的变化（温度，循环，光的可用性，养分）主要影响藻类的生长，从而通过自下而上的控制影响食品韦布，而诸如收获诸如对鱼类的收获作用，从而改变了较低营养水平的生物量。改变捕食的控件。然而，这些过程的相对作用，因此环境变化通过海洋食品网的层层化的程度并影响生态系统服务需要阐明。我们的挑战是进一步开发现有的ERSEM-NEMO建模框架，以更好地表示与生物多样性相关的过程，流量和反馈在一系列时空尺度上，并能够建模功能变化以及此类变化的后果生态系统服务的背景。此外，这些建模工具必须适合测试潜在的管理解决方案的影响，例如海洋保护区，对跨尺度的海洋食品网的结构和功能，并探索良好环境状况的特定指标的功效。建模海洋生态系统的一个巨大挑战是捕获生物多样性的层次结构性质，从而探索一系列规模。这需要一个可扩展的模型系统，具有可追溯的层次结构，因此，更复杂的FoodWeb结构可以系统地和相干地与简单的FoodWeb结构相关。该项目将提供新的建模工具，可提供关键信息的估计，以帮助解决关键的科学问题，并在海洋生态系统对全球变化和直接人为压力的反应时更好地了解海洋生态系统。预测工具和新知识的结合将支持海洋政策的制定和实施以及海洋预测系统的实施。