SUB-MICRON X-RAY TOMOGRAPHY OF CALCIFIED TISSUE

钙化组织的亚微米 X 射线断层扫描

• 批准号: 6056752
• 负责人: Michael J Flynn
• 金额: $ 10.06万
• 依托单位: HENRY FORD HEALTH SYSTEM
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1998
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1998-09-01 至 2001-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6056752
• 关键词: X ray; bioengineering /biomedical engineering; bioimaging /biomedical imaging; biomedical equipment development; bone imaging /visualization /scanning; calcification; charge coupled device camera; clinical biomedical equipment; computer data analysis; digital imaging; human tissue; image enhancement; image processing; method development; particle accelerators; radiation detector; scintillation cameras; tomography

DESCRIPTION (Adapted from the applicant's abstract): Calcium precipitates in human tissue as a part of the formation of bone, teeth, or in certain abnormal processes (i.e., such as benign or malignant calcifications of the breast, vascular plaque, stones formed in the kidney or gallbladder, etc.). In bone, tissue is formed with a complex hierarchical structure which produces oriented material properties. Conventional microscopy methods are not suitable for studying this three dimensional (3-D) structure since both light and energetic electrons have minimal penetration into mineralized tissue. X-rays in the energy range from 7 to 11 keV penetrate small calcified tissue specimens of 50 to 250 micrometer dimension with characteristics that may permit measurement of the 3-D distribution of mineral concentration with a resolution of 0.1 to 0.5 micrometer. 3D X-ray microtomography is a method wherein many radiographic views of a specimen are acquired from different direction and the data reconstructed with a computer to produce an array (512 x 512 x 256) of values proportional to the X-ray attenuation coefficient of the specimen at many locations. Methods using microfocus X-ray tubes have been frequently used to study bone specimens with a size ranging from 4 to 20 mm with a resolution of 25 to 125 microns. Microtomography using synchrotron X-ray sources is capable of better resolution but detector limitations have limited present methods to a resolution of 2 to 25 micrometers. The applicant proposes to investigate a method using X-rays from a synchrotron source (the Advanced Photon Source, APS, at Argonne National Laboratory) which might achieve a resolution of 0.1 to 0.5 micrometer. An innovative approach using a zone plate to focus an X-ray beam to a sub-micron spot is proposed. The approach combines methods developed for scanning X-ray microscopy using lower X-ray energies and methods for tomographic reconstruction developed for cone beam tomography using electron beam X-ray sources. The methods developed will be evaluated using wet bone specimens. The ability to determine the 3-D ultrastructure with the collagen matrix, the structure and orientation of mineral within bone lamella, and the porosity of bone tissue will be specifically examined. If successful, this method will permit investigations of 3-D bone structure at a resolution that has previously not been possible.

描述（改编自申请人的摘要）：钙沉淀 在人体组织中，作为骨骼，牙齿或某些形成的一部分 异常过程（即，例如良性或恶性钙化 乳房，血管斑块，肾脏或胆囊形成的石头等）。 在骨骼中，组织形成具有复杂的分层结构 产生定向的材料特性。 常规显微镜方法是 不适合研究这三维（3-D）结构 光线和能量电子的渗透最少 组织。 X射线在7到11的能量范围内穿透了小 钙化的组织样品为50至250千分尺，并带有 可以允许测量3-D分布的特征 矿物浓度，分辨率为0.1至0.5千分尺。 3D X射线显微图是一种方法，其中许多放射线图 从不同方向获取标本，并重建数据 使用计算机生成一个值的数组（512 x 512 x 256） 到许多位置的样品的X射线衰减系数。 使用微聚焦X射线管的方法经常用于研究骨骼 尺寸为4到20毫米的标本，分辨率为25至125 微米。 使用Synchrotron X射线源的微传输能力能够 更好的分辨率，但探测器限制的当前方法有限 分辨率为2至25微米。 申请人建议使用来自A的X射线调查方法 Synchrotron Source（Argonne National的高级光子源APS APS 实验室）可能达到0.1至0.5微米的分辨率。 一个 使用区域板的创新方法将X射线梁聚焦到 提出了亚微米斑。 该方法结合了为 使用较低的X射线能量和方法扫描X射线显微镜和方法 用于使用电子的锥形束断层扫描开发的层析成像重建 光束X射线源。 开发的方法将使用湿骨标本进行评估。 这 使用胶原蛋白基质确定3-D超微结构的能力， 骨薄片内矿物质的结构和方向，孔隙率 将特别检查骨组织的。 如果成功，此方法 将允许以具有的分辨率调查3-D骨结构 以前是不可能的。