Deciphering dog domestication through a combined ancient DNA and geometric morphometric approach

通过结合古代 DNA 和几何形态测量方法破译狗的驯化

• 批准号: NE/K003259/1
• 负责人: Keith Dobney
• 金额: $ 42.36万
• 依托单位: University of Aberdeen
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2013 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FK003259%2F1
• 关键词: Deciphering; dog; domestication; through; combined

The shift from hunting and gathering to an agricultural way of life was one of the most profound events in the history of our species and one which continues to impact our existence today. Understanding this process is key to understanding the origins and rise of human civilization. Despite decades of study, however, fundamental questions regarding why, where and how it occurred remain largely unanswered.Such a fundamental change in human existence could not have been possible without the domestication of selected animals and plants. The dog is crucial in this story since it was not only the first ever domestic animal, but also the only animal to be domesticated by hunter-gatherers several thousand years before the appearance of farmers. The bones and teeth of early domestic dogs and their wild wolf ancestors hold important clues to our understanding of how, where and when humans and wild animals began the relationship we still depend upon today. These remains have been recovered from as early as 15,000 years ago in numerous archaeological sites across Eurasia suggesting that dogs were either domesticated independently on several occasions across the Old World, or that dogs were domesticated just once and subsequently spreading with late Stone Age hunter gatherers across the Eurasian continent and into North America. There are also those who suggest that wolves were involved in an earlier, failed domestication experiment by Ice Age Palaeolithic hunters about 32,000 years ago. Despite the fact that we generally know the timing and locations of the domestication of all the other farmyard animals, we still know very little for certain about the origins of our most iconic domestic animal.New scientific techniques that include the combination of genetics and statistical analyses of the shapes of ancient bones and teeth are beginning to provide unique insights into the biology of the domestication process itself, as well as new ways of tracking the spread of humans and their domestic animals around the globe. By employing these techniques we will be able to observe the variation that existed in early wolf populations at different levels of biological organization, identify diagnostic signatures that pinpoint which ancestral wolf populations were involved in early dog domestication, reveal the shape (and possibly the genetic) signatures specifically linked to the domestication process and track those signatures through time and space.We have used this combined approach successfully in our previous research enabling us to definitively unravel the complex story of pig domestication in both Europe and the Far East. We have shown that pigs were domesticated multiple times and in multiple places across Eurasia, and the fine-scale resolution of the data we have generated has also allowed us to reveal the migration routes pigs took with early farmers across Europe and into the Pacific. By applying this successful research model to ancient dogs and wolves, we will gain much deeper insight into the fundamental questions that still surround the story of dog domestication.

从狩猎和聚集到农业生活方式的转变是我们物种历史上最深刻的事件之一，它继续影响我们当今的存在。了解这一过程是了解人类文明的起源和兴起的关键。然而，尽管进行了数十年的研究，但关于为什么，在何处和如何发生的基本问题仍然没有得到答复。如果没有选定的动物和植物的驯化，那么人类生存的根本变化是不可能的。这只狗在这个故事中至关重要，因为它不仅是有史以来的第一只家畜，而且是唯一在农民出现前几千年被狩猎采集者驯化的动物。早期的家狗及其野狼的骨头和牙齿为我们了解如何，何时何地人类和野生动物开始我们今天仍然依赖的关系的重要线索。这些遗骸早在15，000年前就已经从欧亚大陆的许多考古遗址中恢复过来，这表明狗要么在整个旧世界中的几次独立地被驯养，要么仅一次驯化了一次狗，随后在欧亚大陆和北美的石器时代猎人聚会中散布了晚期的猎人。还有一些人建议狼参与了大约32，000年前的冰河时代旧石器时代猎人的较早，失败的驯化实验。 Despite the fact that we generally know the timing and locations of the domestication of all the other farmyard animals, we still know very little for certain about the origins of our most iconic domestic animal.New scientific techniques that include the combination of genetics and statistical analyses of the shapes of ancient bones and teeth are beginning to provide unique insights into the biology of the domestication process itself, as well as new ways of tracking the spread of humans and their domestic animals around the地球。通过采用这些技术，我们将能够观察到不同水平的生物组织早期狼种群中存在的变化，确定诊断签名，以确定哪些祖先狼种群参与早期狗的早期驯化，并揭示了与域名的签名（可能是遗传过程），并在域名上进行了启示。在欧洲和远东地区揭开了复杂的猪驯化故事。我们已经表明，猪被多次驯化，在欧亚大陆的多个地方被驯化，并且我们生成的数据的精细分辨率也使我们能够揭示猪与欧洲早期农民和太平洋地区的早期农民所走的迁移路线。通过将这种成功的研究模型应用于古老的狗和狼，我们将对仍然围绕狗驯养故事的基本问题进行更深入的了解。

项目成果

A landmark-based approach for assessing the reliability of mandibular tooth crowding as a marker of dog domestication

• DOI: 10.1016/j.jas.2017.06.014
• 发表时间: 2017-09-01
• 期刊: JOURNAL OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SCIENCE
• 影响因子: 2.8
• 作者: Ameen, Carly;Hulme-Beaman, Ardern;Dobney, Keith
• 通讯作者: Dobney, Keith

The long and winding road: identifying pig domestication through molar size and shape

• DOI: 10.1016/j.jas.2012.08.005
• 发表时间: 2013-01-01
• 期刊: JOURNAL OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SCIENCE
• 影响因子: 2.8
• 作者: Evin, Allowen;Cucchi, Thomas;Dobney, Keith
• 通讯作者: Dobney, Keith

Using traditional biometrical data to distinguish West Palearctic wild boar and domestic pigs in the archaeological record: new methods and standards

• DOI: 10.1016/j.jas.2013.11.033
• 发表时间: 2014-03-01
• 期刊: JOURNAL OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SCIENCE
• 影响因子: 2.8
• 作者: Evin, Allowen;Cucchi, Thomas;Dobney, Keith
• 通讯作者: Dobney, Keith

Correction to 'Unravelling the complexity of domestication: a case study using morphometrics and ancient DNA analyses of archaeological pigs from Romania'.

更正“揭示驯化的复杂性：使用形态计量学和对罗马尼亚考古猪进行古代 DNA 分析的案例研究”。

• DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2015.0018
• 发表时间: 2015
• 期刊: Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences
• 作者: Evin A

Grey wolf genomic history reveals a dual ancestry of dogs.

• DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04824-9
• 发表时间: 2022-07
• 期刊: Nature
• 影响因子: 64.8