Next Generation Weather and Climate Prediction: Atmospheric Model Dynamical Core

下一代天气和气候预测：大气模型动力核心

• 批准号: NE/I02013X/1
• 负责人: Colin Cotter
• 金额: $ 15.21万
• 依托单位: Imperial College London
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2011 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FI02013X%2F1
• 关键词: Next; Generation; Weather; Climate; Prediction

The next generation of weather and climate models used by the UK Met Office (as well as the community of weather and climate researchers in the UK) will be run on supercomputers with an enormous number of processors operating in parallel. Running a weather model on such a supercomputer has the simple requirement that doubling the number of parallel processors will halve the time required to make a forecast: this is called 'parallel scaling'. It is a great challenge of scientific computing to get a computer model to scale well on massive supercomputers; unfortunately some algorithms used in models make the forecast very accurate, but do not scale well. The aim of the NGWCP project is to identify new algorithms that can scale well on supercomputers without sacrificing forecast skill (the ability of a model to correctly forecast the weather). In this proposal, we choose to concentrate on two aspects, the horizontal grid, and the transport algorithms. In the current Met Office model, a latitude-longitude grid is used in the horizontal. This type of grid has the problem that all the lines of latitude converge on the poles, so they get closer and closer together. It turns out that this is very bad for parallel scaling. In this proposal, we suggest three new types of grids that keep grid lines the same distance apart all over the globe, keeping various favourable properties of the latitude-longitude grid. Transport algorithms in the model are responsible for modelling the movement of quantities (such as temperature or moisture) with the wind. In the Met Office Model, this is done by tracing back the paths of fluid parcels around the globe. It turns out that this method is also bad for parallel scaling. In this proposal, we will investigate some recently developed alternatives that do not require these path calculations. It is essential that these algorithms reflect physical principles at work in the real atmosphere, such as the Law of Conservation of Mass.

英国会议办公室使用的下一代天气和气候模型（以及英国的天气和气候研究人员社区）将在超级计算机上运行，​​并具有大量的处理器。在这样的超级计算机上运行天气模型的简单要求是将并行处理器的数量加倍将进行预测所需的时间减半：这称为“并行缩放”。科学计算是一个巨大的挑战，即使计算机模型可以很好地扩展到大型超级计算机上。不幸的是，模型中使用的某些算法使预测非常准确，但不能很好地扩展。 NGWCP项目的目的是确定可以在不牺牲预测技能的情况下在超级计算机上很好地扩展的新算法（模型正确预测天气的能力）。在此提案中，我们选择专注于两个方面：水平网格和传输算法。在当前的MET Office模型中，水平使用纬度长度网格。这种类型的网格存在一个问题，即所有纬度线都在极点融合，因此它们越来越近。事实证明，这对于并行缩放是非常不好的。在此提案中，我们建议三种新型的网格，它们在全球范围内保持相同的距离，以保持纬度宽容式网格的各种有利的特性。该模型中的传输算法负责对风的数量（例如温度或水分）进行建模。在大都会办公室的模型中，这是通过追踪全球流体包裹的路径来完成的。事实证明，此方法也不适用于并行缩放。在此提案中，我们将研究一些不需要这些路径计算的最近开发的替代方法。这些算法必须反映在真实气氛中起作用的物理原理，例如弥撒保护法则。

项目成果

Variational formulations of sound-proof models Variational Sound-Proof Models

隔音模型的变分公式 变分隔音模型

• DOI: 10.1002/qj.2260
• 发表时间: 2014
• 期刊: Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society
• 影响因子: 8.9
• 作者: Cotter C

Mixed finite elements for numerical weather prediction

用于数值天气预报的混合有限元

• DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1103.2440
• 发表时间: 2011
• 作者: Cotter C

The 'recovered space' advection scheme for lowest-order compatible finite element methods

最低阶兼容有限元方法的“恢复空间”平流方案

• DOI: 10.1016/j.jcp.2019.04.013
• 发表时间: 2019
• 期刊: Journal of Computational Physics
• 影响因子: 4.1
• 作者: Bendall T

A solution to the trilemma of the moist Charney-Phillips staggering

潮湿的查尼-菲利普斯令人震惊的三难困境的解决方案

• DOI: 10.1002/qj.4406
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society
• 影响因子: 8.9
• 作者: Bendall T

Mixed finite elements for global tide models.

• DOI: 10.1007/s00211-015-0748-z
• 发表时间: 2016
• 期刊: Numerische mathematik
• 影响因子: 2.1
• 作者: Cotter CJ;Kirby RC
• 通讯作者: Kirby RC