Analysing quantitative trait loci of sexual antagonism in fruitflies

果蝇性对抗数量性状位点分析

基本信息

批准号：
NE/G019452/1
负责人：
Max Reuter
金额：
$ 68.51万
依托单位：
University College London
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2010
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2010 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FG019452%2F1
关键词：
Analysing quantitative trait loci sexual

项目摘要

Evolutionary biologists have long been fascinated by the differences between the sexes. Males and females can differ profoundly in appearance and behaviour, in the example of the mallard so much so that the sexes were initially described as members of different species. Past research has shown that sexual dimorphism has arisen in response to differing male and female reproductive roles. Females usually produce large and energetically costly eggs. Their reproductive performance, or 'fitness', is therefore limited by their ability to acquire resources and survive. Males, in contrast, produce large amounts of tiny and cheap sperm. Accordingly, their fitness is in most cases limited by their ability to attract mates, which can involve bright colouration and extravagant displays or exaggerated weaponry to defend a territory of high quality. While it is understood why the sexes differ, the question of how males and females diverge has not been resolved. The underlying problem is that males and females cannot evolve independently because the sexes generally share almost all of their genes. Thus, any difference between the sexes is not caused by a different content of genes, but rather relies on a different subset of genes being used in males and females. However, recent results indicate that the evolution of this differential use of genes is incomplete. Studies in a variety of organisms, ranging from fruitflies to deer, have demonstrated that genomes that improve performance in males often tend to decrease performance in females and vice versa. This data indicates that there are genes that affect male and female performance in opposite directions but are not differentially expressed in the two sexes. So far, these so-called sexually antagonistic genes have only been indirectly inferred by comparing the performance of males and females that are members of the same family (and hence can be expected to share a proportion of their genes). Nothing is known about the identity of the genes that cause antagonism, or their function in the organism or how they evolve. This project will fill this gap in our knowledge. We will identify the genomic regions that have opposite effects on male and female performance and determine where they are located and which genes they contain. Further, we will investigate to what extent sexual antagonism can prevent genes that code for high performance in one sex from spreading through the population, due to their negative effect on the other sex. Finally, we will study the patterns of DNA evolution of loci involved in antagonism in order identify the exact nucleotide sites responsible for differences in sex-specific performance. Doing so will allow us to infer for how long sexual antagonism has persisted at these loci. By addressing these multiple aspects, our project will provide information that will help us to understand the factors that prevent some genes from being differentially expressed. Thus we will deepen our general understanding of how differences between males and females can evolve.

长期以来，进化生物学家对性别之间的差异着迷。男性和女性的外观和行为可以很大差异，在野鸭的例子中如此之多，以至于性别最初被描述为不同物种的成员。过去的研究表明，性二态性是针对不同的男性和女性生殖作用而产生的。女性通常会产生大且能量昂贵的鸡蛋。因此，它们的生殖表现或“健身”受到其获得资源和生存的能力的限制。相比之下，雄性会产生大量的小精子和廉价的精子。因此，在大多数情况下，他们的健康受到吸引伴侣的能力的限制，这可能涉及明亮的色彩和奢侈的展示或夸张的武器来捍卫高质量领土。虽然可以理解性别为什么不同，但男性和女性如何分歧的问题尚未得到解决。根本的问题是，男性和女性不能独立发展，因为性别通常共享其几乎所有基因。因此，性别之间的任何差异不是由不同的基因含量引起的，而是依赖于在男性和女性中使用的不同基因子集。但是，最近的结果表明，这种基因差异使用的演变是不完整的。从果蝇到鹿的各种生物的研究表明，改善男性表现的基因组通常往往会降低女性的表现，反之亦然。该数据表明，有些基因在相反的方向上影响男性和女性表现，但在两个性别中没有差异表达。到目前为止，这些所谓的性拮抗基因仅通过比较男性和女性的表现而间接地推断出来，这些男性和女性的表现（因此可以预期可以共享其基因的一部分）。关于引起拮抗作用或它们在生物体中的功能或它们进化的基因的身份，对基因的身份一无所知。这个项目将在我们的知识中填补这一空白。我们将确定对男性和女性表现有相反作用的基因组区域，并确定它们的位置以及它们所包含的基因。此外，我们将在多大程度上调查性拮抗作用可以防止一种性别中高表现的基因，因为它们对另一种性别的负面影响。最后，我们将研究参与拮抗作用的基因座的DNA演化模式，以确定负责性别特定性能差异的确切核苷酸位点。这样做将使我们能够推断出这些基因座的性拮抗作用持续了多长时间。通过解决这些多个方面，我们的项目将提供信息，以帮助我们了解阻止某些基因差异表达的因素。因此，我们将加深对男性和女性之间差异如何发展的一般理解。

项目成果

期刊论文数量（9）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

Under-dominance constrains the evolution of negative autoregulation in diploids.

DOI：
10.1371/journal.pcbi.1002992
发表时间：
2013
期刊：
PLoS computational biology
影响因子：
4.3
作者：
Stewart AJ;Seymour RM;Pomiankowski A;Reuter M
通讯作者：
Reuter M

On the Genetic Architecture of Cytoplasmic Incompatibility: Inference from Phenotypic Data

DOI：
10.1086/670612
发表时间：
2013-07-01
期刊：
AMERICAN NATURALIST
影响因子：
2.9
作者：
Nor, Igor;Engelstaedter, Jan;Charlat, Sylvain
通讯作者：
Charlat, Sylvain

Rapid evolution of the intersexual genetic correlation for fitness in Drosophila melanogaster.

DOI：
10.1111/evo.12892
发表时间：
2016-04
期刊：
Evolution; international journal of organic evolution
影响因子：
0
作者：
Collet JM;Fuentes S;Hesketh J;Hill MS;Innocenti P;Morrow EH;Fowler K;Reuter M
通讯作者：
Reuter M

Genetic drift in antagonistic genes leads to divergence in sex-specific fitness between experimental populations of Drosophila melanogaster.

拮抗基因的遗传漂变导致果蝇实验群体之间性别特异性适应性的差异。