A one health approach to the investigation and control of MERS-CoV among camel and human populations in Jordan as a potential model for the region

采用单一健康方法调查和控制约旦骆驼和人群中的中东呼吸综合征冠状病毒，作为该地区的潜在模型

• 批准号: MR/P02551X/1
• 负责人: Javier Guitian
• 金额: $ 61.3万
• 依托单位: Royal Veterinary College
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2017 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=MR%2FP02551X%2F1
• 关键词: health; approach; investigation; control; MERS

Middle Eastern Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is an emerging infectious disease that was first identified in Jordan and Saudi Arabia in 2012. Clinical cases present as an acute respiratory infection with rapid onset pneumonia and in many cases death. To date there have been over 1800 laboratory confirmed cases, with 643 deaths (as 2nd October 2016) spanning 27 countries. Camels have been identified as the primary viral host reservoir for infection in humans (although infection in camels is largely asymptomatic) with secondary human-to-human transmission also occurring. Individuals with co-morbidities (pre-existing medical conditions) are at particular risk of infection, with the majority of outbreaks occurring in hospital settings. Over 90% of confirmed cases have been in Saudi Arabia.There are current key knowledge gaps in the understanding of MERS-CoV - particularly the nature of disease transmission from camels-to-humans - that this project seeks to address. Through identifying specific risk factors for camel-to-human transmission the project aims to develop control measures to mitigate these risks. Such control measures must be culturally appropriate and developed in direct collaboration with high risk groups, to ensure they can be effectively implemented at a grassroots level. In addition the project seeks to identify key knowledge gaps in the understanding of MERS-CoV camel-to-human transmission that can form the target research efforts in the future. The project also seeks to establish Jordan, through Jordan University of Science and Technology (JUST), as a regional leader in international MERS-CoV research, surveillance, training and control. With this in mind the project will adopt a 'One Health' approach to achieving these aims, drawing on the expertise of a number of world expert from various fields including; veterinary public, human public health, epidemiology, virology and anthropology. The project will be coordinated by the Royal Veterinary College (RVC), London, working in strategic partnership with the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), JUST and the US National Institute of Health. Studies already conducted by the RVC in partnership with JUST and US NIH have already identified high levels of MERS-CoV infection among camels in the south of Jordan.Project field work will involve random sampling of high risk Bedouin communities in the south of Jordan, collecting blood samples, nasal swabs and sputum samples alongside a questionnaire to assess risk factors for infection. A routine health check will also be performed at this time. Where selected individuals are camel owners nasal swabs will be collected from these camels. All samples collected will be analysed for evidence of MERS-CoV infection, and this data then combined with the data collected from the questionnaires in order to identify risk factors for MERS-CoV infection. In addition an ethnographic study will be conducted to examine the role of camels in Bedouin Arab society and understand how potential control methods for MERS-CoV exposure can most effectively be implemented. Community health workshops will also be run among high risk Bedouin communities regarding the risk of zoonotic (animal-to-human) infections, including MERS-CoV, and give training and advice on how to reduce these risk.

中东呼吸道综合征冠状病毒（MERS-COV）是一种新兴的传染病，2012年首次在约旦和沙特阿拉伯发现。临床病例是一种急性呼吸道感染，具有快速发作性肺炎，在许多情况下死亡。迄今为止，已有1800多个实验室确认病例，跨越27个国家的643例死亡（2016年10月2日）。骆驼被确定为人类感染的主要病毒宿主储层（尽管骆驼中的感染在很大程度上是无症状的），也发生了次生人与人类传播。合并症（预先存在的医疗状况）的患者处于感染的危险中，大部分爆发发生在医院环境中。超过90％的确认案件在沙特阿拉伯。该项目试图解决的是对MERS-COV的理解（尤其是从骆驼到人类传播的疾病传播的性质）的当前关键知识差距。通过确定骆驼到人类传播的特定风险因素，该项目旨在制定控制措施以减轻这些风险。这种控制措施必须在文化上是适当的，并与高风险群体直接合作，以确保可以在基层有效实施。此外，该项目旨在在理解MERS-COV的骆驼到人类传播中确定关键知识差距，以便将来构成目标研究工作。该项目还旨在通过约旦科学技术大学（JUST）作为国际MERS-COV研究，监视，培训和控制的区域领导者建立约旦。考虑到这一点，该项目将采用一种“一个健康”方法来实现这些目标，并利用来自包括：兽医，人类公共卫生，流行病学，病毒学和人类学。该项目将由伦敦的皇家兽医学院（RVC）协调，与伦敦卫生与热带医学学院（LSHTM），JUST和美国国家卫生研究院合作。 RVC已经与Just和Us NIH合作进行的研究已经确定了约旦南部骆驼之间的高水平MERS-COV感染。项目现场工作将涉及在约旦南部的高风险Bedouin社区随机取样，收集血液样本，鼻水滴水和尖峰样本以评估一个问题的风险因素，以评估症状的风险因素。此时还将进行常规的健康检查。在选定的个人是骆驼所有者的情况下，将从这些骆驼收集鼻拭子。将分析收集的所有样品以获取MERS-COV感染的证据，然后将这些数据与从问卷收集的数据相结合，以识别MERS-COV感染的危险因素。此外，将进行民族志研究，以研究骆驼在贝都因阿拉伯社会中的作用，并了解如何最有效地实施MERS-COV暴露的潜在控制方法。社区健康讲习班还将在高风险贝都因人社区中进行有关人畜共患病（包括MERS-COV）的风险，并就如何降低这些风险的培训和建议进行培训和建议。

项目成果

Risk Factors for Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Infection among Camel Populations, Southern Jordan, 2014-2018.

• DOI: 10.3201/eid2709.203508
• 发表时间: 2021-09
• 期刊: Emerging infectious diseases
• 影响因子: 11.8
• 作者: Holloway P;Gibson M;van Doremalen N;Nash S;Holloway T;Letko M;Cardwell JM;Al Omari B;Al-Majali A;Abu-Basha E;Mangtani P;Munster VJ;Guitian J
• 通讯作者: Guitian J

A cross-sectional study of Q fever in Camels: risk factors for infection, the role of small ruminants and public health implications for desert-dwelling pastoral communities

骆驼 Q 热的横断面研究：感染的危险因素、小型反刍动物的作用以及对沙漠牧区的公共卫生影响

• DOI: 10.1101/2022.04.27.22274356
• 发表时间: 2022
• 作者: Holloway P