KB mirror project for XMaS

XMaS 的 KB 镜像项目

• 批准号: EP/V036114/1
• 负责人: Thomas Hase
• 金额: $ 59.63万
• 依托单位: University of Warwick
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2020 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=EP%2FV036114%2F1
• 关键词: KB; mirror; project; XMaS

Synchrotron radiation (SR) sources provide brilliant beams of light by accelerating electrons at high energies around a magnetic lattice. The resulting X-rays provide a uniquely powerful tool in the exploration of structure, composition and excitations in materials. New magnets and vacuum technologies mean that storage rings can now be designed to give X-ray beams with hugely increased brilliance (flux per unit area per unit solid angle in a specified bandwidth) and coherence. The XMaS (X-ray Materials Science) beamline facility is embedded in the ESRF which, in 2019, began the final phase of its upgrade programme (EBS project). The new source characteristics also allow higher X-ray energies to be used and expand the scientific challenges that can currently be addressed. To maximise the flux that interacts with the sample, the x-ray beam is focussed using a mirror. The current "spot size" is about 100x100 microns which is sufficient for many experiments, but for inhomogeneous materials or in materials which are composed of small domains the large beam effectively averages over many parts of the sample meaning the data can be difficult to interpret. A smaller spot size, commensurate with the relevant length-scales in materials is therefore needed for certain experiments and we propose to use a new mirror to re-focus the beam down to a spot size of 5x5 microns or less. Although lower in absolute flux, the size of the small beam can be changed allowing users to match the beam size to either the sample size, the relevant sample features and crucially to access the active areas in technologically relevant devices. All of these experiments will exploit the sample environments already developed and allow studies in situ and under realistic operating conditions. Using x-rays of a scannable energy (monochromatic) in either scattering or spectroscopic modes allows crystallographic and elemental properties to be spatially resolved and mapped. The system also delivers a new polychromatic source in which energies from 3 to 20 keV are simultaneously focused into the same small, tuneable micro-spot and allows high throughput elemental mapping and grain-by-grain determination of crystallography.The uplift in capability allows the study of the same small sample volume across an extensive energy range and within the same sample environment to be studied on a site-by-site basis, opening up new opportunities for studying materials relevant to catalysis and green chemistry applications. The facility will deliver new insights into healthcare and quantum critical behaviour as well as facilitating studies of confinement and proximity in real devices. More systems will be studied in-operando and under technologically relevant conditions. Structural studies will become spatially resolved allowing studies of individual domains and their temporal evolution under external stimuli. An upper energy of ~20 keV will allow studies of buried interfaces in complex sample environments including solid-liquid interfaces relevant to electrochemical technologies.XMaS is an enabling tool and provides an essential part of the UK research infrastructure for material science ensuring UK researchers have continual access to state-of-the-art instrumentation, expertise and techniques now and into the future. By providing an essential layer of capacity and unique capabilities, XMaS facilitates investigator-led research and enables the training of students and early career researchers. Partnerships with national research centres and international collaborators ensure the future competitiveness, resilience and creativity of the UK materials sector which relies on the development, characterisation and exploitation of novel functional materials using the latest x-ray metrologies.

同步辐射 (SR) 源通过在磁晶格周围加速高能电子来提供明亮的光束。由此产生的 X 射线为探索材料的结构、成分和激发提供了独特的强大工具。新的磁体和真空技术意味着存储环现在可以设计成大大提高X射线束的亮度（指定带宽内每单位立体角的单位面积通量）和相干性。 XMaS（X 射线材料科学）光束线设施嵌入 ESRF 中，ESRF 于 2019 年开始其升级计划（EBS 项目）的最后阶段。新的光源特性还允许使用更高的 X 射线能量，并扩大了目前可以解决的科学挑战。为了最大化与样品相互作用的通量，使用镜子聚焦 X 射线束。当前的“光斑尺寸”约为 100x100 微米，这足以进行许多实验，但对于不均匀材料或由小域组成的材料，大光束有效地对样品的许多部分进行平均，这意味着数据可能难以解释。因此，某些实验需要较小的光斑尺寸，与材料中的相关长度尺度相称，我们建议使用新的镜子将光束重新聚焦到 5x5 微米或更小的光斑尺寸。尽管绝对通量较低，但小光束的尺寸可以改变，允许用户将光束尺寸与样品尺寸、相关样品特征相匹配，最重要的是访问技术相关设备中的活性区域。所有这些实验都将利用已经开发的样本环境，并允许在实际操作条件下进行现场研究。在散射或光谱模式下使用可扫描能量（单色）的 X 射线可以在空间上解析和映射晶体学和元素特性。该系统还提供了一种新的多色源，其中 3 至 20 keV 的能量同时聚焦到同一个小的、可调谐的微点，并允许高通量元素映射和晶体学的逐粒测定。能力的提升使得在广泛的能量范围内和相同的样品环境中对相同的小样品量进行逐点研究，为研究与催化和绿色化学应用相关的材料开辟了新的机会。该设施将为医疗保健和量子关键行为提供新的见解，并促进对真实设备中的限制和邻近性的研究。更多系统将在操作中和技术相关条件下进行研究。结构研究将在空间上得到解决，从而可以研究各个领域及其在外部刺激下的时间演变。约 20 keV 的较高能量将允许研究复杂样品环境中的埋藏界面，包括与电化学技术相关的固液界面。XMaS 是一种使能工具，为英国材料科学研究基础设施提供了重要组成部分，确保英国研究人员能够持续现在和未来都能获得最先进的仪器、专业知识和技术。通过提供必要的能力层和独特的能力，XMaS 促进了研究者主导的研究，并能够对学生和早期职业研究人员进行培训。与国家研究中心和国际合作者的合作确保了英国材料行业未来的竞争力、弹性和创造力，该行业依赖于使用最新 X 射线计量技术开发、表征和开发新型功能材料。