USE-DEPENDENT ALTERATIONS OF MOTOR CORTEX

运动皮层因使用而发生的变化

• 批准号: 3477925
• 负责人: Randolph J. Nudo
• 金额: $ 10.76万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS HLTH SCI CTR HOUSTON
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1990
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1990-01-01 至 1994-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/3477925
• 关键词: Saimiri; behavior; brain mapping; cerebral dominance; electromyography; electrostimulus; experience; handedness; motor cortex; neural plasticity; neuroanatomy; neurophysiology; operant conditionings; sensory cortex

The relationship between cortical motor representations and motor abilities in adult primates will be examined using modern neurophysiological and behavioral training techniques. The overall objective of these proposed studies is to determine whether idiosyncrasies in motor representations in primary motor cortex are related to specific behavioral traits, and whether these representations can be altered through use. In order to determine whether idiosyncrasies in map detail have functional correlates, we will examine asymmetries in motor representations between the two hemispheres of the same individuals, and the relationship of these asymmetries to lateralized motor skills, i.e., handedness. In order to determine whether functional maps in motor cortex are static or, as in somatosensory cortex, are subject to use-dependent alterations throughout life, we will compare motor and sensory map topography before and after operant conditioning of specific sets of muscles and/or movements. In each of these experiments, detailed maps of the cortical motor topography will be derived using standard intracortical microstimulation and multi-unit recording methods, combined with chronic electromyographic recording techniques. The possible generalization of adaptive processes to motor cortex ha far-reaching theoretical implications. The relationship of individual variation in motor maps and the specialization of motor skills may provide a basis for interpreting fundamental relationships between neuroanatomical structure and neurophysiological mechanisms operating in central motor systems. These studies may lead to a better understanding of the neural mechanisms underlying handedness and, more generally, may yield insight into the neural bases for motor learning. From a clinical perspective, these studies have the potential of providing a simple model of the neurophysiological processes underlying recovery of function following central or peripheral nervous system injury.

皮层运动表示与运动能力之间的关系 在成年灵长类动物中，将使用现代神经生理学和 行为训练技术。 这些提议的总体目标 研究是为了确定运动表示中的特质是否在 一级运动皮层与特定的行为特征有关，以及是否存在 这些表示形式可以通过使用更改。 为了确定 地图细节中的特质是否具有功能相关性，我们将 检查两个半球之间的运动表示不对称 相同的个人，以及这些不对称的关系 侧向运动技能，即手工。 为了确定是否 运动皮层中的功能图是静态的，或者如体感皮质中一样 在一生中受到使用依赖性的改变，我们将比较 电动机和感觉图的地形前后的操作条件 特定的肌肉和/或运动。 在每个实验中， 皮质运动地形的详细地图将使用 标准的物质内微刺激和多单元记录方法， 结合慢性肌电记录技术。 可能 对运动皮层的自适应过程的概括很深 理论含义。 个体变化的关系 电机图和运动技能的专业化可能为 解释神经解剖结构之间的基本关系 以及在中央运动系统中运行的神经生理机制。 这些研究可能导致对神经机制有更好的了解 基本的递手感，更普遍地可能会洞悉 运动学习的神经底座。 从临床角度来看 研究有可能提供一个简单的模型 功能恢复的基础神经生理过程以下 中央或周围神经系统损伤。