REORGANIZATION OF MOTOR CORTEX FOLLOWING BRAIN INJURY

脑损伤后运动皮层的重组

基本信息

批准号：
3417785
负责人：
Randolph J. Nudo
金额：
$ 14.37万
依托单位：
UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS HLTH SCI CTR HOUSTON
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
1993
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
1993-06-01 至 1997-04-30
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/3417785
关键词：
Saimiri behavior test body movement brain injury brain mapping cerebrovascular disorders electromyography electrophysiology electrostimulus handedness infarct magnetic resonance imaging microelectrodes motor cortex neural plasticity nonhuman therapy evaluation physical therapy sensorimotor system

项目摘要

The capacity for cortical reorganization following brain injury in adult primates will be examined using modern neurophysiological and behavioral training techniques. The overall objectives of this study are to examine functional reorganization in primary motor cortex of adult primates following focal vascular infarct, and to examine the interactive effects of physical use of affected muscle(s) on the areal extent and time course of reorganization. To determine whether lesions within cortical area 4 (primary motor cortex) alter the organizational details of motor and sensory representations, physiological maps will be compared before and a few months after infarct. To determine whether intensive use of affected muscles can alter the extent of lesion-induced changes, maps will be compared before and a few months after infarct in animals that have undergone intensive pre-lesion or post-lesion behavioral training. To determine the time course of behavioral recovery from ischemic infarct, and the correlation with functional reorganization in motor cortex, lesion-induced changes in representational maps will be tracked in animals undergoing behavioral assessment of motor abilities both before and after infarct. In each of these experiments, detailed maps of both sensory and motor topography will be derived in adult squirrel monkeys using standard intracortical microstimulation and multi-unit recording, combined with chronic electromyographic recording techniques. Detailed analyses of videotaped motor behavior, as well as operant training techniques will be used to assess spontaneous recovery of motor abilities following cortical infarct, and to provide motor exercise (i.e., physical therapy) before and/or after cortical infarct. The possible generalization of adaptive processes to motor cortex has broad theoretical and clinical implications. It is important to advance these studies to determine whether the many experimental manipulations demonstrating functional plasticity in somatosensory cortex, especially cortical injury, result in significant changes in functional topography in motor cortex. These studies have the potential of providing a simple model of the neurophysiological bases for recovery of motor function following brain damage. While limited recovery of voluntary movement often occurs following injury to motor cortex, few detailed electrophysiological mapping studies have examined cortical reorganization as a possible correlate of functional recovery. Any understanding of the dynamics of cortical motor map establishment, maintenance and alterability, bears significance not only for the normal development of sensorimotor skills under cortical control, but also for the impact of physical therapy on recovery of lost motor skills following injury.

成人脑损伤后皮质重组的能力灵长类动物将使用现代神经生理和行为进行检查训练技术。这项研究的总体目标是检查成人灵长类动物的原发性运动皮层的功能重组遵循局灶性血管梗塞，并检查相互作用在面积范围和时间过程中的物理使用重组。确定皮质区域内的病变是否4 （主要运动皮层）更改电动机的组织细节和感官表示，生理图之前将进行比较梗塞几个月后。确定是否密集使用受影响的肌肉可以改变病变引起的变化的程度，地图将在动物中进行比较之前和几个月后的几个月经过严格的静脉假期或静脉内行为训练。确定从缺血性恢复行为的时间过程梗塞，以及电动机中功能重组的相关性皮质，病变引起的代表性图的变化将被跟踪在接受运动能力行为评估的动物中梗塞前后。在每个实验中，感官和电机的详细地图地形将使用标准衍生在成年松鼠猴子中心脏内微刺激和多单元记录，并结合慢性肌电图记录技术。详细分析录像带行为以及操作培训技术将是用于评估皮质后运动能力的自发回收梗塞并提供运动运动（即物理疗法）和/或皮质梗塞后。自适应过程对运动皮层的可能概括具有广泛的理论和临床意义。重要的是要进步这些研究以确定是否有许多实验操作在体感皮质中展示功能可塑性，尤其是皮质损伤，导致功能地形发生重大变化在运动皮层中。这些研究具有简单的潜力恢复运动功能的神经生理基础的模型脑损伤后。虽然自愿运动的恢复有限经常在运动皮层受伤后发生，几乎没有详细电生理图研究研究了皮质重组是功能恢复的可能相关性。任何了解皮质运动图建立的动态，维护和可及性，不仅对正常人具有重要意义在皮质控制下发展感觉运动技能，但也用于物理疗法对恢复损失运动技能的影响受伤。