REORGANIZATION OF MOTOR CORTEX FOLLOWING BRAIN INJURY

脑损伤后运动皮层的重组

• 批准号: 2891844
• 负责人: Randolph J. Nudo
• 金额: $ 27.31万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS MEDICAL CENTER
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1993
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1993-06-01 至 2002-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/2891844
• 关键词: Saimiri; behavior test; body movement; brain injury; brain mapping; cerebrovascular disorders; electromyography; electrophysiology; electrostimulus; functional ability; handedness; histology; infarct; laboratory rat; longitudinal animal study; magnetic resonance imaging; motor cortex; neural plasticity; nonhuman therapy evaluation; physical therapy; rehabilitation; sensorimotor system; video recording system

DESCRIPTION (adapted from the Abstract): The long-term goals of this project are to examine the capacity for functional reorganization in the motor cortex of adult primates following brain injury, such as that occurring after stroke. These studies will use neurophysiological, neuroanatomical, optical imaging, and behavioral training techniques to examine functional reorganization in the primary motor cortex and the premotor cortex after focal vascular infarct, and the effects of physical use of affected muscles on the areal extent and time course of reorganization. In their previous studies, the researchers showed that lesions within the hand area of the primary motor cortex result in a further loss of hand representations in the adjacent, intact tissue. However, physical therapy introduced within days after the infarct prevented this secondary, dysfunctional loss of spared hand representations. To determine whether critical periods exist for the effects of rehabilitative therapy on behavioral and neurophysiological recovery, the researchers will compare functional maps of motor cortex before and a few months after the focal vascular infarct. They will introduce physical therapy at various time points after infarct to define an optimal window for rehabilitation. Further, they will examine the long-term effects of physical rehabilitation with respect to both plasticity in cortical motor maps and behavioral capacity. They will determine whether the effects of early rehabilitative therapy are persistent. In other experiments, the researchers will examine the neurophysiological bases for behavioral relapse that occurs about two weeks after infarct. Further, they will examine the structural bases for adaptive plasticity in the motor cortex after injury by studying changes in intracortical connectivity. Finally, the researchers will extend these studies to explore more widespread effects of focal infarcts on other cortical motor areas that are interconnected with the primary motor cortex. These studies have strong clinical relevance for understanding stroke and rehabilitation. The correlation of neurophysiological and neuroanatomical reorganization with functional recovery after brain damage may eventually lead to new approaches to rehabilitative medicine.

描述（根据摘要进行了改编）：这个长期目标 项目将检查功能重组的能力 脑损伤后成人灵长类动物的运动皮层，例如 中风后发生。 这些研究将使用神经生理学， 神经解剖学，光学成像和行为训练技术 检查一级运动皮层的功能重组和 局灶性血管梗塞后的前皮质和物理的影响 在领域的范围和时间过程中使用受影响的肌肉 重组。 在他们先前的研究中，研究人员表明 一级运动皮层的手部区域内的病变导致进一步 在相邻的完整组织中失去手动表示。 然而， 梗塞后几天内引入的物理疗法阻止了这一点 次要的，功能失调的手动表示。 确定 是否存在康复治疗对康复疗法的影响的关键时期 行为和神经生理恢复，研究人员将比较 焦点之前和几个月后的运动皮层的功能图 血管梗塞。 他们将在不同时间引入物理治疗 梗塞后的点要定义一个最佳的康复窗口。 此外，他们将检查身体康复的长期影响 关于皮质电机图和行为的可塑性 容量。 他们将确定早期康复的影响是否 治疗是持久的。 在其他实验中，研究人员将检查 行为复发的神经生理基础大约发生两次 梗塞后几周。 此外，他们将检查 受伤后，运动皮层的自适应可塑性通过研究变化 皮质内连通性。 最后，研究人员将扩展这些 研究探索局灶性梗塞对其他的更广泛影响的研究 与一级运动皮层相互联系的皮质运动区域。 这些研究在理解中风和 康复。 神经生理学和神经解剖学的相关性 在脑损伤后通过功能恢复进行重组，最终可能 导致新的康复医学方法。