ONTOGENY OF ANTICIPATION IN HUMAN INFANTS

人类婴儿预期的个体发育

• 批准号: 3386382
• 负责人: WILLIAM K BERG
• 金额: $ 10.49万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1991
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1991-04-01 至 1994-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/3386382
• 关键词: brain electrical activity; child behavior; child psychology; cognition; electrophysiology; heart rate; infant human (0-1 year); psychomotor reaction time; sensorimotor system; startle reaction; stimulus /response; stimulus interval; videotape /videodisc

Developing the ability to anticipate, plan and prepare for significant events is vital to the survival and well being of any organism. Anticipation has been studied extensively in human adults, but has received almost no attention in studies of infants. The long term objectives of this research are to understand the origins of this critical cognitive ability in humans, to evaluate how it changes in the early months of life, and to relate it to other aspects of infant cognitive functioning. A general purpose paradigm for assessing anticipation has been developed for use with infants and has received initial testing. In the procedure, the stimulus pair members, a cue stimulus and a significant stimulus, are separated by fixed intervals of several seconds. Moment-by-moment information on cognitive activity occurring during this and other related intervals is provided by physiological measures such as heart rate and slow wave brain activity, and discrete information is derived from modulated startle reflex probes and overt motor responses. A series of 8 proposed studies are designed to investigate three aspects of importance. The first set of studies elaborates the paradigm and examines new response measures. The second uses the paradigm to investigate development of anticipation in infants 2 to 7 months of age, and evaluates an hypothesis regarding associability among stimulus types. The third group of studies evaluates whether anticipatory responding is associated with effective preparation for events being awaited. Eventually, we plan to determine whether anticipatory capability is a stable quality that relates to general measures of cognitive functioning and to risk factors associated with mental disability. The program will provide comprehensive information on an important but unexplored area of cognitive development.

发展预期，计划和准备重要的能力 事件对任何生物的生存和福祉至关重要。 人们对人类成年人进行了广泛的研究，但 在对婴儿的研究中几乎没有注意。 长期 这项研究的目标是了解这一点的起源 人类的批判认知能力，评估其如何改变 生命的早期几个月，并将其与婴儿的其他方面联系起来 认知功能。 用于评估的通用范式 已经开发了与婴儿一起使用的预期 初始测试。 在该过程中，刺激对成员，提示 刺激和明显的刺激通过固定间隔的分离 几秒钟。 关于认知活动的瞬间信息 在此期间和其他相关间隔发生 生理措施，例如心率和慢波脑活动， 离散信息是从调制的惊吓反射探针得出的 和明显的电动机响应。 设计了一系列的8项研究 调查重要性的三个方面。 第一组研究 详细说明范式并检查新的响应措施。 第二个 使用范式研究婴儿的预期发展2 到7个月大，并评估有关协会性的假设 在刺激类型中。 第三组研究评估了是否 预期的响应与有效的准备 事件正在等待。 最终，我们计划确定是否 预期能力是与一般有关的稳定质量 认知功能和与风险因素相关的措施 精神障碍。 该计划将提供有关有关的全面信息 认知发展的重要但未开发的领域。