Processes, mechanics and management of wastes

废物的工艺、机械和管理

• 批准号: EP/I012206/1
• 负责人: William Powrie
• 金额: $ 122.46万
• 依托单位: University of Southampton
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2011 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=EP%2FI012206%2F1
• 关键词: Processes; mechanics; management; wastes

Waste management is changing rapidly as the need to manage the earth's resources responsibly becomes increasingly accepted and enshrined in new legislation. Ideally, changes to the law, regulation and practice would be science-led; but in such a dynamic environment, scientific understanding and engineering know-how sometimes struggle to provide support with the result that the potential consequences of legislative and financial drivers for change may not be fully thought-through. For example, the EU Landfill Directive was enacted mainly to reduce fugitive greenhouse gas emissions from landfills, but its implementation with current treatment options could have the opposite effect. The aim of the Platform Grant is to provide the University of Southampton Waste Management Research Group with the stability and flexibility needed to explore new directions for its research that will provide the waste industry with the science and engineering needed for sustainable response to financial, regulatory and social drivers, and will address the legacy of unsolved problems arising from previous waste management practices. Key areas for development are:1) Field scale implementation of current research - enabling a rapid response when suitable study sites arise: We have developed the science needed by industry to reduce the long term pollution liability of landfills by a variety of remediation techniques, including flushing and in situ aerobic treatment. While excellent progress has been made, major uncertainties remain in upscaling from the laboratory to the field. This will be addressed in future research, in which we plan to investigate flushing and aeration at the field scale by running trials within discrete, bounded areas of MSW landfill(s) with the aim of significantly reducing the long term polluting potential of the wastes. 2) Resource recovery - second generation bio-based products and energy carriers from organic wastes and post-landfill processing: Government policy and strategic waste planning has highlighted a vital role for energy and commodity grade resource recovery in UK waste management practice. The infrastructure to facilitate this is already taking shape, through source segregated collection systems, growing markets for recovered products and pricing structures (e.g. ROC and feed-in tariffs) to encourage renewable energy production. The technology, however, is still in its infancy and underpinning research is urgently needed to support process engineering design, adapt existing technologies and exploit the potential for using waste as a raw material for biorefineries and solid recovered fuels. This will be done within an overall energy, materials and product recovery framework to include MSW processing operations where source segregation is not practised and also post-land filled wastes to reduce their long-term pollution potential and to create additional void space. 3) Application of recent and ongoing research to new forms of wastes - identifying key synergies: There is immense potential for translating the results of our current research into new areas, in particular in characterisation and near field contaminant transport modelling of low and very low level radioactive wastes.4) Development/promotion of a Sustainable Waste/Resource Management Forum including decision support systems (DSS - establishing expertise and stakeholder engagement, and maximising impact: DSS will make the results of the Group's research more readily available to users, encouraging knowledge transfer and maximising impact. Little work has been done to develop DSS for the waste industry, although the potential benefits have been recognised by some. DSS will also facilitate policy and operational decisions on the complex technology and process options available

随着负责任地管理地球资源的需要日益被人们接受并纳入新的立法中，废物管理正在迅速发生变化。理想情况下，法律、法规和实践的变化将以科学为主导；但在这样一个动态的环境中，科学理解和工程知识有时很难提供支持，结果是立法和财务驱动变革的潜在后果可能没有得到充分考虑。例如，欧盟垃圾填埋场指令的颁布主要是为了减少垃圾填埋场的逃逸温室气体排放，但如果采用当前的处理方案来实施该指令可能会产生相反的效果。平台拨款的目的是为南安普顿大学废物管理研究小组提供探索新研究方向所需的稳定性和灵活性，从而为废物行业提供可持续应对金融、监管和环境问题所需的科学和工程。社会驱动因素，并将解决以前废物管理实践中产生的未解决问题的遗留问题。发展的关键领域是：1）当前研究的现场规模实施 - 当出现合适的研究地点时能够快速响应：我们已经开发了工业所需的科学技术，通过各种修复技术来减少垃圾填埋场的长期污染责任，包括冲洗和原位好氧处理。尽管取得了巨大进展，但从实验室到现场的推广仍存在重大不确定性。这将在未来的研究中得到解决，我们计划通过在城市固体垃圾填埋场的离散、有限区域内进行试验来研究现场规模的冲洗和曝气，目的是显着减少废物的长期污染潜力。 2) 资源回收——来自有机废物和垃圾填埋后处理的第二代生物基产品和能源载体：政府政策和战略废物规划强调了能源和商品级资源回收在英国废物管理实践中的重要作用。通过源头隔离收集系统、不断增长的回收产品市场和鼓励可再生能源生产的定价结构（例如ROC和上网电价），促进这一目标的基础设施已经形成。然而，该技术仍处于起步阶段，迫切需要基础研究来支持工艺工程设计、适应现有技术并开发利用废物作为生物精炼厂和固体回收燃料的原材料的潜力。这将在整体能源、材料和产品回收框架内完成，包括未实行源头隔离的城市固体废物处理作业以及填埋后的废物，以减少其长期污染潜力并创造额外的空隙空间。 3) 将最近和正在进行的研究应用于新形式的废物 - 确定关键的协同作用：将我们当前的研究成果转化为新领域具有巨大的潜力，特别是在低水平和极低水平的表征和近场污染物传输建模方面4) 开发/推广可持续废物/资源管理论坛，包括决策支持系统（DSS - 建立专业知识和利益相关者参与，并最大限度地发挥影响：DSS 将使用户更容易获得集团的研究结果，鼓励尽管一些人已经认识到 DSS 的潜在好处也将促进有关复杂技术和工艺选项的政策和运营决策，但在为废物行业开发 DSS 方面所做的工作却很少。

项目成果

Scale effect in the pollutants transport through the reject of a MBT plant

MBT 工厂排出污染物的规模效应

• 发表时间: 2015
• 作者: Modella Riano; A
• 通讯作者: A

Landfill gas emission monitoring.

垃圾填埋场气体排放监测。

• DOI: http://dx.10.1016/j.wasman.2019.02.039
• 发表时间: 2019
• 期刊: Waste management (New York, N.Y.)
• 作者: Beaven R

A new economic instrument for financing accelerated landfill aftercare.

新的经济融资工具加速了垃圾填埋场的善后处理。

• DOI: http://dx.10.1016/j.wasman.2014.03.024
• 发表时间: 2014
• 期刊: Waste management (New York, N.Y.)
• 作者: Beaven RP

Validation and error assessment of the mobile tracer gas dispersion method for measurement of fugitive emissions from area sources.

用于测量区域源无组织排放的移动示踪气体扩散方法的验证和误差评估。

• DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2018.10.036
• 发表时间: 2024-09-13
• 期刊: Waste management
• 影响因子: 8.1
• 作者: A. Fredenslund;T. Rees;R. Beaven;A. Delre;A. Finlayson;Jonathan Helmore;G. Allen;C. Scheutz
• 通讯作者: C. Scheutz

Validation of landfill methane measurements from an unmanned aerial system

无人机系统垃圾填埋场甲烷测量的验证

• 发表时间: 2018
• 作者: Allen G