REACHING AND COGNITION IN INFANCY

婴儿期的接触和认知

• 批准号: 3329452
• 负责人: RACHEL Elizabeth KEEN
• 金额: $ 9.54万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS AMHERST
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1990
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1990-12-01 至 1995-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/3329452
• 关键词: audiotape; body movement; child physical development; cognition; developmental neurobiology; hand; human subject; infant human (0-1 year); neural information processing; neuromuscular disorder diagnosis; newborn human (0-6 weeks); online computer; proprioception /kinesthesia; psychomotor function; stimulus /response; stimulus interval; videotape /videodisc; visual feedback

This project investigates motor and cognitive aspects of infants' manual control. The acquisition of reaching and grasping skills is a principal achievement during infancy, yet its development is still not well understood. The focus of this project is on the effects of vision in reaching because of the central role vision plays in specifying spatial location of object and hands. During infancy vision also confirms the existence of both objects and spatial surround in the context of Piagetian theory. This project has two broad objectives: to delineate and describe how infants use visual and proprioceptive information to control reaching for objects, and (2) to determine the interplay between motor skills and .cognitive abilities in infants' reaching for unseen objects. Infants between 2 and 13 months of age will tested while reaching for objects in the light and for luminous and sounding (nonluminous) objects in the dark. Objects will differ in size, orientation, and location. The approach and grasp of objects under various conditions should reveal whether infants prepare their hand appropriately to grasp an object when they can see both object and hand, only the object, or neither. Overt behavior will be videotaped and analyzed for interactions with the object. In addition a detailed analysis of hand movement during the reach by means of a motion analysis system will yield velocity, acceleration, and distance in 3-dimensional space for hand and object. Cognitive abilities can be inferred from certain aspects of motor activity, such as hand shaping and the approach .trajectory for an unseen object in the dark. The manner in which infants use proprioceptive and visual information to control reaching has implications both for blind children who are forced to rely on non-visual information and for patients who have lost proprioceptive control through accident or disease. Understanding how visual-motor control is achieved early in development should aid rehabilitation plans for subjects who must relearn neuromuscular control under disturbed circumstances.

该项目调查了婴儿手册的运动和认知方面 控制。 掌握和抓握技能的获取是校长 婴儿期的成就，但其发展仍然不好 理解。 该项目的重点是视觉的影响 由于识别在指定空间方面发挥着重要作用而达到的核心作用 物体和手的位置。 在婴儿期间的视力也证实了 存在对象和空间周围的存在 piagetian理论。 该项目有两个广泛的目标：划定 并描述婴儿如何使用视觉和本体感受信息 控制对象的控制以及（2）确定 婴儿的运动技能和。婴儿触手可及的认知能力 对象。 2至13个月大的婴儿将测试 在光线以及发声和响起 （非露骨）在黑暗中的物体。 对象的大小会不同， 方向和位置。 物体下方的方法和掌握 各种情况应揭示婴儿是否准备手 适当地抓住对象，当它们看到对象和手时， 只有对象，或者都不是。 公开行为将被录像，并且 分析与对象的相互作用。 另外 通过运动分析在触及过程中进行手动运动的分析 系统将在3维中产生速度，加速度和距离 手和物体的空间。 认知能力可以从 运动活动的某些方面，例如手工塑造和方法 。 方式 婴儿使用本体感受和视觉信息来控制达到 对被迫依靠非视觉的盲人孩子的影响 信息和因失去本体感受控制的患者 事故或疾病。 了解如何实现视觉运动控制 开发初期应有助于康复计划 必须在受到干扰的情况下重新学习神经肌肉控制。