REACHING AND COGNITION IN INFANCY

婴儿期的接触和认知

• 批准号: 7094215
• 负责人: RACHEL Elizabeth KEEN
• 金额: $ 29.15万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS AMHERST
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1990
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1990-12-01 至 2007-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7094215
• 关键词: auditory stimulus; behavioral /social science research tag; biomechanics; body movement; child physical development; clinical research; cognition; goal oriented behavior; hand; human subject; infant human (0-1 year); neural information processing; orientation; preschool child (1-5); problem solving; proprioception /kinesthesia; psychomotor function; space perception; stimulus interval; videotape /videodisc; visual stimulus

The broad goal of this research program is to explore how the human infant comes to represent objects and events in the world. The experiments take the form of studying how infants learn to coordinate their actions with the demands of the environmental input. Studies are proposed of reaching, grasping, and looking in settings that impose limits on how success can be achieved. Such manipulations should uncover how perception and action become increasingly coordinated throughout the first two years of life. Reaching and grasping are regarded as overt reflections of planning and adjustment to object properties. Inferences will be drawn about the cognition underlying these behaviors. A motion analysis system consisting of Optotrak sensor bars will allow precise measurement of hand position in 3-dimensional space and hand movement in relation to object movement. The use of infrared video recording allows measurement of the effect of sight of the object and sight of the hand on control of reaching. Both looking and reaching will be recorded in experimental settings. Motor errors, error corrections, latency to produce motor actions of varying complexity, and kinematics of the reach itself are assumed to reveal the processes underlying representation. The coordination of looking with reaching behavior will be studied through analysis of the videorecord and the kinematic measures provided by the motion analysis system. Some studies will present infants between 6 and 24 months of age with moving objects (for example, a rolling ball) that disappears and reappears from behind a screen. The anticipated trajectory of the hidden ball should be reflected in the infant's anticipatory actions, shown by the latency and kinematics of the reach. Another set of studies involves infants and toddlers' learning to grasp objects in a way appropriate to achieve some goal. By using a variety of tasks and measures the project should provide information concerning the normal development of perception, motor control, and cognition in the human infant.

该研究计划的广泛目标是探讨人类婴儿如何代表世界上的物体和事件。实验采取了研究婴儿如何学会与环境输入要求协调其行为的形式。提出了有关触及，抓握和寻找在如何取得成功限制的环境中的研究。这种操纵应揭示在整个生命的头两年中，感知和行动如何越来越多地协调。到达和抓握被认为是对对象属性的计划和调整的明显反思。关于这些行为的认知，将得出推论。由Optotrak传感器杆组成的运动分析系统将允许精确测量三维空间中的手位置和与物体运动有关的手动运动。红外视频录制的使用可以测量视线的效果，并视线视线控制触及到达。外观和到达都将在实验设置中记录。假定电动机误差，误差校正，产生不同复杂性的运动动作的延迟以及覆盖范围的运动学本身可以揭示表示基础表示的过程。通过分析视频记录和运动分析系统提供的运动学措施，将研究与触及行为相处的协调。一些研究将以运动对象（例如滚球）消失并从屏幕后面重新出现在6至24个月大的孩子之间。隐藏球的预期轨迹应反映在婴儿的预期作用中，这表明了覆盖范围的潜伏期和运动学。另一组研究涉及婴儿和幼儿学习以适合实现目标的方式掌握对象的学习。通过使用各种任务并衡量项目，该项目应提供有关人类婴儿感知，运动控制和认知正常发展的信息。