DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOBIOLOGY OF AFFECT IN INFANTS

婴儿情感的发展心理生物学

• 批准号: 6351697
• 负责人: RACHEL Elizabeth KEEN
• 金额: $ 39.3万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS AMHERST
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1994
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1994-09-30 至 2002-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6351697
• 关键词: behavioral /social science research tag; calorimetry; carbohydrate metabolism; child behavior; clinical research; developmental psychology; drug metabolism; human milk; human subject; love /affection; methadone; mother child interaction; newborn human (0-6 weeks); oral behavior; preference; premature infant human; psychobiology; taste; visual stimulus

DESCRIPTION (Adapted from applicant's abstract): This research focuses on short and long-term changes that human mothers cause in their infants during nursing. In newborns it assesses how mothers protect against pain by combining orosensory (milk or sucrose) and tactile (pacifier sucking) aspects of the mother to determine the interactions between afferent systems during and following fluid infusion. Metabolic consequences of tasting sucrose of mile or sucking a pacifier will be evaluated via direct calorimetry. We have already demonstrated substantial reduction heat loss in infants tasting sucrose. Energy savings is common to the behavioral and physiological changes induced by sucrose and may serve as a basis for their selection. Opioid mechanisms underlying orosensory-induced changes will be assessed in infants with a prenatal methadone history. In principal, these infants, whose endogenous opioids have been reduced, should not respond to sweet taste but should be calmed by a pacifier. The role of nonnutritive sucking in conserving energy in those infants will be determined. We will also determine the stable and changing proximal maternal stimuli that calm distressed 6 to 12-week olds and serve as a basis for maternal preference. We have shown that orosenory stimulation claims at 2-weeks; it must be combined with visual engagement to calm 4-9 week olds. This combination does not calm at 12 weeks. The need for eye engagement to calm 4-9-week-old infants leads us to investigate whether these infants use internal facial features to recognize familiar adults or to continue to rely on external features as do newborns. This is an important issue from the perspective of what defines familiarity and safety, the experiences necessary to cause these changes and the underlying neurology. This research will reveal behavioral, metabolic, and physiological consequences of nursing-suckling interactions during the first three postnatal months. It will impact on patient treatment from the perspective of pain management and recovery from remarkable prenatal histories. It makes significant empirical contributions to what infants can and do learn during nursing and its biological significance.

描述（改编自申请人的摘要）：这项研究重点 人类母亲在婴儿期间引起的短期和长期变化 护理。 在新生儿中，它评估母亲如何通过 结合口感（牛奶或蔗糖）和触觉（奶嘴吮吸） 母亲的各个方面确定传入系统之间的相互作用 在液体输注期间和之后。 品尝英里或吮吸奶嘴的代谢后果将会 通过直接量热法进行评估。 我们已经证明了 婴儿品尝蔗糖的大量降低热量损失。 节能 对于蔗糖和生理变化而言是共同的 可以作为他们选择的基础。 口感感觉诱导的变化的基础机制将在 具有产前美沙酮史的婴儿。 在原理中，这些婴儿， 其内源性阿片类药物已减少，不应对甜味反应 口味，但应该被奶嘴平静。 非营养吮吸的作用 在保护这些婴儿的能量方面将得到确定。 我们还将确定稳定且变化的近端母体刺激 这种平静使6至12周的老人感到困扰，并作为母亲的基础 偏爱。 我们已经表明，在2周中的刺激主张。它 必须与视觉互动结合在一起，以使4-9周的大孩子平静下来。 这 组合在12周时不会平静。 需要互动以使4-9周龄的婴儿保持良好的需求使我们到达 调查这些婴儿是否使用内部面部特征来识别 熟悉的成年人或继续像新生儿一样依靠外部特征。 从定义熟悉的角度来看，这是一个重要的问题 和安全，引起这些变化所必需的经验以及 潜在的神经病学。 这项研究将揭示行为，代谢和生理 前三个期间护理互动互动的后果 产后几个月。 它将从角度影响患者治疗 疼痛管理和从显着的产前历史中恢复。 它 为婴儿可以和学习做出重大的经验贡献 在护理期间及其生物学意义。